Lev Goumilev

Lev Nikolaievich Gumiliev , (in Russian: ЛевНикола́евичГумилёв) (October 1st 1912 with Saint-Pétersbourg - June 5th 1992 with Saint-Pétersbourg), more known in occident under the name of Lev Goumilev , is a Ethnologue and one of most influential the Historien S Russian of the 20th century. He is the son of the poets acmeist S Nicolaï Goumilev and Anna Akhmatova.

Biography

His/her parents separate whereas he is child. His/her father is carried out in 1920 by the Bolchevik S and his mother persecuted by the Stalinist mode. He will be driven out university of Leningrad and will be off-set with the Gulag where it will remain of 1938 with 1956, with a short bracket during the Second world war during which it will integrate the Red Army .

A few years after the death of Stalin, he works with the Musée of the Hermitage where, under the direction of the historian and archeologist Mikhail Artamonov, he studies the people of the Khazar S then the people of the Steppe S.

Work

Its original theories on the appearance and the disappearance of the ethnicities developed in its work the ethnogénèse and the biosphere nourished a political movement and cultural known under the name of neo-eurasism . Goumilev published in 1989 a monumental work old Russia and the Large Steppe , in which it adopts a particular point of view: the study of the Rus of current Russia of the origins, like a history of the Russo-khazares relations… .

At the time Soviet, the theories of Goumilev were rejected by the official doctrines, and its prohibited work of publication, before meeting a certain success at the time of the Perestroïka. Its influence is in particular felt in the mathematician Anatoli Fomenko theorist of one New chronology . The relations between the two men were however surging and Goumilev, during the first publications of the Nouvelle Chronology , required of Fomenko “to let serious people deal with the serious things. ”

An index of the success of its theses can be read in construction in the new capital of the Kazakhstan, Astana, of a Université of Eurasia Lev Goumilev whose erection was ordered by the president Nursultan Nazarbayev, in with respect to the presidential palace. The president of the Tatarstan, Mintimer Chaïmiev, also praised the merits of this thinker at the time of the millenium of the town of Kazan in 2005. Its works however were in the center of ignited polemics, especially because they have a character clearly biological-naturalist.

Theories

Goumilev describes the companies like human groups having a vital energy in relation to their environment, but which are subject to other influences that the geographical determinism and whose evolution obeys cycles. The vital energy of certain companies would be thus at present ascending (case of Russia, of China, of the Arab world) whereas the vital energy Western would be downward, to see in phase of destruction . Goumilev creates the concept of “passionarity” which can be included/understood like the “vital energy of a human group”. This passionarity passes in a cyclic way during the history (it adopts a cycle quasi Sinusoïdal 15 centuries, but the Period can vary according to the studied group) by the stages of rise, development, climax, inertia, destruction and memory. It is during the acmatic phase , when the passionarity of an ethnicity or national is largest that this human group makes its greater military or intellectual conquests. The ethnos becomes a superethnos then. Lev Goumilev also applied its concept of passionarity to the life of some famous characters: Napoleon, Jeanne d' Arc, Alexandre Large the or Jean Huss.

Work of the university of Omsk tried to bind the theories of Goumilev to the solar cycles: The large steppe eurasiatic with its maximum extension - whose development would have been supported by a high sunning - for example would have allowed the Mongolian conquests. Simulations of evolutions of the climate in Eurasia, forests, steppe were correlated with the evolution of the borders of ethnicities

Charges of anti-semitism

Charges of Antisémitisme were uttered in its opposition. Those are based on its writings in connection with Khazars and of Rhadanites which would have exerted a yoke khazar , by analogy to the Mongolian yoke , expression which Goumilev refutes, on the Slavic ones living the Transcaucasie and its borders. This yoke khazar was consisted the taking away of taxation and taxes of the Slavic populations whose essential activity was agriculture.

Lev Goumilev regarded judaïté as an urban cultural fact, mercantilist, able to exist without relationship to its environment ( biosphere ), even in opposition with him. For this reason one could not regard the Jews a nation but as a group of people having a certain transmitted vision of the world of generations in generations.

One can conclude with the reading from his prose which it carts indeed well the usual prejudices judéophobes, until is delirious. Thus, digressing on the Jews Radhanites (his favorite craze), Goumilev re-sifts the banalities of propaganda anti-semite of its time:

" Sincerity is not only useless, it is detrimental. And thus Radhanites made use of Norman, leaving them in confidence which they were not the toys of partners more skilful than them. And when Radhanites conquered the prevalence of the trade world, the Norman ones which atatquérent England in 1100 took along with them of the Jews. And thus since this date, all the bank transactions of the English kings and the their vassal ones are between the hands of the juifs." What one can describe as a customs *Union " was only dismantled by Edward I and Philippe Auguste in France. But this page of history falls apart from the limits that us étudions."

old Rus' and large the steppe" VII-41

Here how in some sentences Goumilev projects the principal phantasms Nazis (traditional cheating, world domination by the money, etc) in a remote past.

The goal of its alleged " work historique" is to show the Slavic Jews of a plot enough alambiquée having governed the draft of slave. One can thus speak about anti-semitism because the objective of Goumilev does not have anything scientist, it is political. Like the police force tsarist, the author spine in his books to be made forget with Russian their conditions and tyranny in their delivering the Jews like scapegoats instead of the aristocrats.

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