Leon XIII

Leon XIII , born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci (March 2nd 1810 - July 20th 1903), is the 256ème pope of the Catholic church (Latin name : Leo XIII ; Italian name : Leone XIII ).

Prelate

Having succeeded the Pope Black and white IX the February 20th 1878, it reigned until its death in 1903. Born with Carpineto Romano, in Italy, he is the son of the Count Lodovico Pecci and Anna Prosperi-Buzi who had six other children. He is received Doctor of Divinity in 1836 then Doctor in civil right and Canon law, the whole in Rome. He is Nommé prelate domestic by the Pape in 1837 and ordered the next on December 31st. One then sent it to Bénévent, wedges pontifical in the Kingdom of Naples where, by energetic measurements, it managed to put an end to the banditism. In 1843 it became titular Archevêque of Damiette and Apostolic nuncio in Belgium on January 28th 1843, but there was less success: this young thirty year old diplomat does not succeed in putting an end to the quarrels which opposed the Jesuits and the episcopate. Named papal assistant in 1843, it became in 1846 Archevêque of Perugia and was to remain it until in 1877; it became very popular and this success was worth the cardinal hat of to him in 1853. Thereafter it was named Cardinal camerlingue Holy Roman Church, station which it occupied until his own election like Pape the February 20th 1878.

Pontificate

It is possible that it was elected because it was of fragile health and that one saw in him a pope of transition. One did not suspect that it was going to reign during twenty-five years. He would have wanted to leave Rome where often hostile demonstrations with the Church proceeded, but the cardinal Rampolla the convainquit to remain in the Vatican and to be considered there as prisoner.

In 1879, with the encyclical Æterni Patris , On the restoration in the Catholic schools of Christian philosophy according to the spirit of the Doctor angelica (it is about Saint Thomas d' Aquin), he started again the studies thomists.

In April 1884 he was the author of the Encyclique Humanum Genus, a violent attack against the Franc-maçonnerie which recapitulated the many judgments of this one by its predecessors, and is being generally regarded as expresses it against-modernistic Church.

To the great displeasure royalist , he is the author of the rallying to the {{IIIe}} République, symbolized by toast pronounced with its request by the cardinal Lavigerie in Algiers the November 12th 1890. This gesture scandalized many catholics and, in the manors of the Vendée, one requested for the conversion of the Pape; some went even until supporting that for the true Leon XIII one had substituted a double; the Cellars of the Vatican contain an allusion to this fable which one repeated with Paul VI.

On the steps of the social catholic such as Frederic Ozanam, it seizes labor question, and in the encyclical Rerum Novarum, of May 15th 1891, it denounces on the one hand as being an evil “the concentration between the hands of some of industry and the trade, become the division of a small number of opulent men and plutocrats, who thus impose an almost servile yoke on the infinite multitude of the proletarians”, and on the other hand it condemns the Socialisme like not being a suitable remedy.

Leon XIII is thus very known, especially at the catholic French, to have formatted the social Doctrine of the Church in the Encyclique Rerum Novarum, starting from the experiments of catholics as of the years 1820.

See also: social Doctrines of the Church

See also: social Catholicism

The encyclical Rerum Novarum was the object, since then, of successive revisions, for example Centesimus ass in 1991.

An aspect completely ignored of Leon XIII, but not less fundamental, relates to the impulse which it gave to the biblical studies, so that the modern Exégèse is in harmony with the scientific discoveries of the time in which it lived. It was the object of the encyclical Providentissimus Deus (1893).

Leon XIII was the first Pape with being filmed, with his request. It was a refined Humaniste, and its poems Latin S are very remarkable.

September 20th, 1900, Leon XIII dissolves officially the Papal States, thus putting papacy in agreement with Italian political reality.

Fourth longer pontificate of the history, after saint Pierre, the happy Black and white IX and Jean-Paul II.

The “liberalism” of Leon XIII

The " spirit was often opposed; progressiste" of Leon XIII with the " conservatisme" of its predecessor Black and white IX and of its successor Black and white X. In fact, it is especially the prudence which characterized its Pontificat. The choice of Pie IX had been, in the Syllabus , to present the Roman doctrines in short and concise sentences which could shock on the bottom the noncatholic readers and on the form a certain number of catholics.

Leon XIII could repeat the same ideas in Encyclique S long and erudite that few people read until the end and whose public knew only the summaries that one presented some to him. Black and white X itself, kind of Cleaned of countryside hoisted on the pulpit of holy Pierre, felt crushed by the Culture of its predecessor, and in its Encyclique S did not cease quoting it.

Quotations

  • Concerning the Communism: “A plague mortal which attacks the marrow of the human society and which would destroy it”
  • “a famous economist French (Frederic Bastiat) exposed as in a table the multiple benefits that the man finds in the company and it is a worthy wonder to be admired. ”

See too

  • Cardinal created by Leon XIII

Principal the Encyclical S of Leon XIII:

External bonds

  • texts of Leon XIII on the site of the Vatican

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