Leon Brunschvicg (Paris, November 10th 1869 - Aix-the-Baths, January 18th 1944) was a Philosophe French, attached to the French idealism . Today fallen in disuse, it strongly marked the university thought of its time.

With Bergson, Leon Brunschvicg announced himself, since 1897, like one of the major French philosophers of first half of the 20th century. At the French company of Philosophy (founded in 1901 per Xavier Leon), in the Sorbonne and everywhere where it was accepted, Brunschvicg did not leave anybody indifferent. With his friends known with the college (in particular Elie Halévy) as well as a great number of his colleagues (André Lalande, Emile Meyerson), it took part so that one calls still today the French idealism . Brunschvicg developed starting from the reflexive method, a “critical idealism”. For him, the act of the spirit is expressed in the scientific truths: Philosophy and Science goes in couple. The great concept brunschvicgien par excellence is that of judgment of which it exposes the theory in its thesis the method of the judgment . It is the judgment which, in the scientific reflection, constitutes the heart of the reflexive philosophy of Brunschvicg. From this judgment, which gives the significance full and whole of the intellectual conscience, Brunschvicg will be able to give an account of a philosophy of the spirit: the genesis of the spirit it is the progress of the knowledge in the form of sciences; and Brunschvicg will be one of the rare philosophers of last century has to try a reflection jointly holding sciences (mathematical, physics, biology) and the Spirit. In addition, the political commitment of Brunschvicg, humanistic, does nothing but discover the central message of its work: the universalism of the Reason. The work brunschvigienne, which comprises a considerable sum of works and articles, has just been supplemented thanks to the restitution by Russian with his family in 2001, of many new notes. Tracked by the Nazis, Brunschvig had to flee in the south of France to die there at the 74 years age.

Works

1. Doctrinal works published of living of the author

• the Method of the judgment (principal thesis), Paris, Alcan, 1897.

• Introduction to the life of the spirit, Paris, Alcan, 1900.
• contemporary idealism (collection of articles published in the Review of Metaphysics and Morals), Paris, Alcan, 1905.
• stages of mathematical philosophy , Paris, Natural Alcan, 1912.
• and freedom (revueil of articles), Paris, Flammarion, 1921.
• the human experiment and physical causality , Paris, Alcan, 1922.
• The progress of the conscience in Western philosophy , Paris, Alcan, 1927.
• Of the self-knowledge , Paris, Alcan, 1931.
• ages of the intelligence , Paris, Alcan, 1934.
• reason and the religion , Paris, Alcan, 1939.

2. Historical works

• Spinoza , Paris, Alcan, 1894.

• Qua rations Aristoteles metaphysicam vim syllogismo iness demonstravit , Paris, Alcan, 1897.
• Pascal, Pensées and Opuscules , Paris, Hachette, 1897.
• complete Oeuvres of Blaise Pascal (14 volumes), Paris, Hachette, 1904-1914.
• Reproduction in collotype of the manuscript of the Thoughts of Pascal , Paris, Alcan, 19.
• genius of Pascal , Paris, Hatchet, 1924.
• Spinoza and its contemporaries , Paris, Alcan, 1924.
• Pascal , Paris, Rieder, 1932.
• Descartes , Paris, Rieder, 1937.
• Descartes and Pascal, readers of Montaigne , Paris, Baconnière, Neuchâtel, 1942; Brentano' S, New York - Paris.

3. Posthumous works

• Heritage of words, heritage of ideas , Paris, PUF, 1945.

• the European spirit , Baconnière, Neuchâtel, 1947.
• found Diary, 1892-1942 , Paris, Editions of Midnight, 1948.
• the philosopher of the spirit, Paris, PUF, 1950.
• Written philosophical, volume I: The humanism of the Occident, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant , Paris, PUF, 1949.
• Written philosophical, volume II: Orientation of rationalism , Paris, PUF, 1954.
• Written philosophical, volume III: Science-religion , Paris, PUF, 1958.
• Of true and false conversion, followed quarrel of atheism , Paris, PUF.