Leoš Janáček

Leoš Janáček (Hukvaldy, July 3rd 1854 - Ostrava, August 12th 1928) is a Czech Compositeur . Its name decides léoch yanaatchèque .

It is one of the five larger Compositeur S Czech S with Jan Václav Hugo Voříšek, Antonín Dvořák, Bohuslav Martinů and Bedřich Smetana.

Biography

The July 3rd 1854, Amálie Janáček gives the day to Leoš, ninth child of a family which lives some to be born thirteen. His/her Jiří father, teacher of the village, send it to 11 years to study in a monastery of Brno, where he studies the music under the direction of Pavel Křížkovský. He is noticed thanks to his services in the chorus of the monastery. Its studies then carry out it for two years to the school of Skuherský organ to Prague, then with the academies of Leipzig where it receives in particular the teaching of Carl Reinecke and of Vienna. He meets in 1874 Antonín Dvořák with Prague. It is the beginning of a long friendship. Antonín Dvořák will criticize on a purely friendly basis its first compositions and will influence durably Leoš Janáček by its manner of composing by marrying the intonations of the spoken language.

In 1881, year of its marriage with Zdenka Schulzová, it turns over to Brno to devote itself to the education of the music. It founds there a school of organ which it directed until in 1920; this school besides will become later the academy of Brno. It will have two children: the first dies in low age in 1890, the second, Olga, at the 21 years age. The death of the latter is contemporary completion of its opera Jenůfa and inspires its more beautiful pages to him, thus marking a stylistic rupture. What makes it possible to arrange the type-setter at the sides of the discoverers of the music of the XXe century such Bartók and Stravinsky, well far from the romantic ones or post romantic like his/her friend Dvořák. Its reputation remains until there confined with its province but creation in 1916 of an altered version of its opera Jenůfa opens the doors of the capital to him and a certain recognition. It then falls in love with a married woman, Kamila Stösslová, making difficult its married life.

As much from musicians of Central Europe, it will collect a certain number of folk musics of its province (Moravie) to be inspired some. It is let also influence by Slavic sources, in particular in the sets of themes of some of its operas (of which Katya Kabanova ) or for its glagolitic mass .

Principal works

Operas

(years of composition, year of the first representation)

Symphonic works

Works for piano

  • On a broussailleux path , series of ten short parts written between 1901 and 1908 and supplemented of three other parts in 1911,
  • In the fogs , series of four short parts written in 1912,
  • Sonata “October 1st, 1905”, written in homage to died of a young workman at the time of a demonstration. The type-setter in destroyed the partition but its first interpreter preserved of them the first two movements which were republished in 1924 with the agreement of the musician.

Religious works

  • glagolitic Mass (1926), written as old man slavon and not in Latin.

To listen to an extract

Here the “ Postludium ”, part of organ solo played during the glagolitic mass.

Chamber music

  • Two quartets with cords ( with Kreutzer and intimate Letters )
  • Capriccio (1925), for piano (left hand) and seven wind instruments.
  • Mládí (Youth), for sextet with winds.
  • Sonata for piano and violin (four movements: Idiot motor bike, Strolled, Allegretto, Adagio)

Others

See too

The Académie Janáček of the musical arts with Brno was named in its honor.

External bonds

  • Biographie supplements (in French)

  • Articles on Janáček (in French)
  • musicologie.org Biographie, catalogs œuves, bibliography, discography]
  • The Janáček Archive and Museum, Brno (in English)
  • very complete English Site

Simple: Leoš Janáček

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