League French fatherland

See also: League

The Ligue of the French fatherland was created with the end of the year 1898, within the framework of the Affaire Dreyfus in France. It gathered intellectual Antidreyfusards and society men: a score of academicians, such as François Coppée, Jules Lemaître and Paul Le Bourget, of the members of the Institute of France as well as artists and writers well in sight. Let us quote Degas, Renoir, the musician Vincent d' Indy, the painter and draftsman Forain, Caran d' Ache, the Job caricaturist, etc

The League of the French fatherland will remain fashionable and Conservatrice. It gathered at the same time professors and artists, but also of old the Boulangiste S and Bonapartiste S) irritated by the intellectuals Dreyfusards. Founded in reaction to the creation of the League of the human rights, the French Fatherland aimed to federate and organize the forces antidreyfusardes. Its action remained limited. She does not survive the business Dreyfus, either that the Ligue of the Patriots of Paul Déroulède; the League will be dissolved officially in 1904.

The two principal thinking heads of the League are the writer Maurice Barrès and the literary critic Jules Lemaître. Contrary to the other thinker of the preserving nationalism of the moment, Charles Maurras, Barrès remains republican, but " césariste" , near to an idea Bonapartist of the government. This league incarnates the passage of the " well; Nationalism ouvert" with the " nationalism fermé" (according to a typology of Michel Winock) which takes place in France and in Europe at the end of the 19th century.

At the beginning of the 19th century, nationalism takes part of the idea Libéral E of self-determination of the people and the emancipations national in all the Révolution S Démocratique S, anti-colonial and anti-imperial of the Europe and the America S (succession of national independences).

Still in 1870-1871, in France, it is the left republican and social which defends the Patriotisme French and refuses to lower the weapons in front of the German invader . Gambetta the republican, as the Commune are animated by this patriotic passion. Then, with Baker initially, and Bars then, nationalism is recovered more and more by the right like forces Politique. Up to now the nelles lines Tradition called upon the sovereignty of the monarch, the Pape, and not that of the people, left to the liberal and republican nationalists.

With the business Dreyfus, the republicans divide and, in spite of the Patriotisme of the Jean Jaurès and of Georges Clémenceau, the nationalist claim becomes a standard of the right in France and Western Europe before being renewed apart from this Europe by the wave Anticolonialiste and decentralizing of the post-war period and the years 1960-70.

The League of the French fatherland, though transitory, incarnated this change, placing at its head of the republican S in search of Autoritarisme such as Barrès.

Among the other members of the League one can mention: Godefroy de Cavaignac, Paul Déroulède, Rene Doumic, Georges Thiébaud, Gabriel Syveton.

Summary bibliography

Literature of time

Henry de Bruchard, 1896-1901. Small reports of the time of the League , Paris, New national bookstore, 1912.
Jules Lemaître, the French Fatherland . First conference, January 19th, 1899, Paris, Offices of " The Fatherland française" .
Jules Lemaître, League of the ″ Fatherland française" . Speech made with Grenoble, Angers, Printing works of Germain and G. Grassin, League of the French fatherland.
Jules Lemaître (and Al), League of the French Fatherland . Conference of Mr. Jules Lemaître, Godefroy Cavaignac, the general Draper, Charles Bernard, Nancy, A. Crepin-Leblond, League of the French fatherland, 1902
Paul Meyer, Letter with Mr. Jules Lemaître, president of the League of the friends of the French fatherland , Paris, special Printing works of the " Siècle" , 1899.
the Peak, the League of the French fatherland , Paris, the Small Republic, 1902.
Andre Suarès, Letter three on the so-called League of the fatherland , Paris, Bookseller of Independent Art, 1899.
Franck Pilatte, League of the French fatherland , Committee of Nice, December 1902. Follow-up of A. Funel de Clausonne, Before and after ; Frank Pilatte, Patriotism and nationalism ; Paul Padovani, Tare of the band , Nice, Printing works of Belly brothers, League of the French fatherland committee of Nice.

Recent studies

Jean-Pierre Rioux, Nationalism and conservatism: the League of the French fatherland (1899-1904) , Paris, Beauchesne, 1977.
Zeev Sternhell, revolutionary line (1885-1914). Origins of French Fascism , Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

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