Leaders of the USSR
The leader of the USSR are the various leader or supposed characters to direct RSFSR then the the USSR of 1917 to 1991. The specificity of the Soviet organization lies in the fact that two different institutional orders coexist: that of the State and that of the Communist party, which cored the first. To each order corresponded of the supreme leaders, but waited until the party directed the State, the true one directing Soviet Union was leading PCUS, and the history retained only its name besides, and not that of the two principal heads of the Soviet State.
The leaders of the left are the first secretaries or called at certain times general secretaries , it is them which are known. The leaders of the State are in general two: the president, or making office of president, the Soviet Parliament, which is according to the various constitutions, the Head of the State, and the leader of the Soviet ministers, who is him the Chef of the government.
Leaders of the Soviet State
Heads of the State
The Head of the Soviet State bears initially the name of president of the executive Central committee of the Congress panrusse of the Soviets , according to the first constitution.- President of the executive Central committee of the Congress panrusse of the Soviets
- Lev Kamenev (November 9th 1917 - November 21st 1917)
- Yakov Sverdlov (November 21st 1917 - March 16th 1919, died during its mandate)
- Mikhaïl Vladimirski (March 16th 1919 - March 30th 1919, by interim)
- Mikhaïl Kalinine (March 30th 1919 - July 19th 1922)
In 1922 the Soviet Union is formed. The presidency is from now on collective: it is held concuramment by all the members of the præsidium of the executive Central committee of the USSR . The Soviet Constitution of 1924 organized this irrefutable fact.
- Members of Præsidium of the executive Central committee of the USSR
- Mikhaïl Kalinine (December 30th 1922 - January 12th 1938)
- Grigori Petrovski (December 30th 1922 - January 12th 1938)
- Alexandre Cherviakov (December 30th 1922 - June 16th 1937)
- Nariman Narimanov (December 30th 1922 - March 19th 1925)
- Gazanfar Musabekov (May 21st 1925 - June 1937)
- Nedirbay Aytakov (May 21st 1925 - July 21st 1937)
- Fayzulla Khodzhayev (May 21st 1925 - June 17th 1937)
- Nusratulla Lutfullayev (March 18th 1931 - January 4th 1934)
- Abdullo Rakhimbayev (January 4th 1934 - September 1937)
During the year 1936 a news constitution is promulgated. It re-elects Præsidium of the executive Central committee in Præsidium of the Supreme Soviet , and its president becomes the Head of the titular State.
- President of Præsidium of the Supreme Soviet
- Mikhaïl Kalinine (January 17th 1938 - March 19th 1946)
- Nikolaï Chvernik (March 19th 1946 - March 6th 1953)
- Kliment Vorochilov (March 6th 1953 - May 7th 1960)
- Léonid Brejnev (May 7th 1960 - July 15th 1964)
- Anastase Mikoyan (July 15th 1964 - December 9th 1965)
- Nikolaï Podgorny (December 9th 1965 - June 16th 1977)
- Léonid Brejnev (June 16th 1977 - November 10th 1982, died during its mandate)
- Vassili Kouznetsov (November 10th 1982 - June 16th 1983), by Interim)
- Youri Andropov (June 16th 1983 - February 9th 1984, died during its mandate)
- Vassili Kouznetsov (February 9th 1984 - 11 April, by interim)
- Konstantin Tchernenko (April 11th 1984 - 10 March 1985, died during its mandate)
- Vassili Kouznetsov (March 10th 1985 - July 27th 1985, by interim)
- Andrei Gromyko (July 27th 1985 - October 1st 1988)
- Mikhaïl Gorbatchev (October 1st 1988 - May 25th 1989)
Into 1989 this station changes, its name becoming president of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR .
- President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
- Mikhaïl Gorbatchev (May 25th 1989 - March 15th 1990)
- Anatoli Lukianov (March 15th 1990 - December 26th 1991)
The March 15th 1990 the capacities reserved before for the president of the Supreme Soviet are transferred to the new whole president from the USSR , and Mikhaïl Gorbatchev takes this station, Anatoli Lukianov the substitute at his preceding station.
- President of the Soviet Union
- Mikhaïl Gorbatchev (March 15th 1990 - December 26th 1991, function abolished with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the resignation of Gorbatchev)
List heads of government
The first Head of government of the Soviet Russia was Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov, known as Lénine. Its title after the Révolution of 1917, perpetuated by the Soviet Constitution of 1918 (organizing RSFSR) was president of the Conseil of the Police chiefs of the People (or chair Sovnarkom)- President of the Council of the Police chiefs of the People of RSFSR
The Soviet Union is founded the December 29th 1922, and Sovnarkom of RSFSR becomes the Council of the Police chiefs of the People of the USSR, Lénine is always president.
- Presidents of the Council of the Police chiefs of the People of the USSR
- Lénine (July 6th 1923 - January 21st 1924)
- Alexeï Rykov (February 2nd 1924 - December 19th 1930)
- Viatcheslav Molotov (December 19th 1930 - May 6th 1941)
- Stalin (May 6th 1941 - March 15th 1946)
In 1946 Stalin makes change the governmental name of the authority of the country into the Council of Ministers of the USSR (or Sovmin). This name will remain until in 1990
- Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the USSR
- Stalin (March 19th 1946 - March 5th 1953)
- Gueorgui Malenkov (March 6th 1953 - February 8th 1955)
- Nikolaï Boulganine (February 8th 1955 - March 27th 1958)
- Nikita Khrouchtchev (March 27th 1958 - October 15th 1964)
- Alexeï Kossyguine (October 15th 1964 - October 23rd 1980)
- Nikolaï Tikhonov (October 23rd 1980 - September 27th 1985)
- Nikolaï Ryjkov (October 27th 1985 - December 26th 1990)
Into 1991 the title of the Head of government of the Soviet Union changes: it becomes the Prime Minister of the USSR . The term will not remain a long time: less than one year later the Soviet Union does not exist any more.
- Prime Minister of the USSR
- Valentine Pavlov (January 14th 1991 - August 22nd 1991)
- Ivan Silaïev (September 6th 1991 - December 25th 1991)
Leaders of the Communist party of the Soviet Union
This last list is shortened much than the preceding ones. It introduces the only true effective leaders of the Soviet Union who are the leaders of PCUS.- Lénine (October 26th 1917 - January 21st 1924, abstract leader of the Bolshevik S)
- Stalin (April 3rd 1922 - March 3rd 1953, General secretary of the Central committee of the Communist party (Bolshevik) of all the Union then General secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Gueorgui Malenkov (March 5th 1953 - March 15th 1953: Secretary older senior of the Communist party of the Soviet Union , March 14th 1953 - September 7th 1953: First Secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Nikita Khrouchtchev (March 14th 1953 - September 7th 1953: Secretary senior of the Communist party of the Soviet Union , September 7th 1953 - October 14th 1964: First Secretary of the Central committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Leonid Brejnev (October 14th 1964 - April 8th 1966: First Secretary of the Central committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union , April 8th 1966 - November 10th 1982: General secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Youri Andropov (November 12th 1982 - February 9th 1984: General secretary of the Central committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Konstantin Tchernenko (February 13rd 1984 - March 10th 1985: General secretary of the Central committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Mikhaïl Gorbatchev (March 11th 1985 - August 24th 1991: General secretary of the Central committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union )
- Vladimir Ivachko (August 24th 1991 - August 29th 1991, it takes over temporarily the duties after the resignation of Gorbatchev of the general secretary to the suspension of PCUS by the Supreme Soviet)
See too
- Politburo of the Central committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union
- Presidents of Præsidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFS of Russia
- Presidents of Præsidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSS of Ukraine
- Presidents of Præsidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSS of Ouzbékistan
- Presidents of Praesidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSS of Soviet Bielorussia
- Constitution of 1918
- Soviet Constitution of 1924
- Soviet Constitution of 1936
- Soviet Constitution of 1977
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