Lazare Shakes

Louis Lazare Shakes , born the June 25th 1768 in the suburb of Montreuil with Versailles, and dead the September 19th 1797 with Wetzlar (Hesse/Wetterau), is a French general of the Revolution.

Old Mode: keep

His/her father is stableman with the royal stables. The poverty of his/her parents obliged it early to deal itself with the means of providing for its existence. He was only one child when he was accepted assistance-supernumerary in the royal stables (at 14 years); become orphan, it benefitted from the helps which were offered to him by one of his/her aunts, fruit-bearing with Versailles, to make shopping of some books with which it did itself its first education, and consequently started to develop its intellectual faculties. Devoting the day to its work, it employed the nights to be studied. At 16 years, the October 19th 1784, it embraced the military state, was allowed like simple Fusilier in the Gardes-Françaises and was not long in fixing on him the glances of its chiefs, by the regularity of its manners, its application to the reading and its extraordinary activity; also it was promoted, in 1789, with the rank of Sergent. Its unit is dissolved the August 31st 1789, and it engages in the national guard of Paris.

Soldier of the French revolution

He engages in January 1792 with the 104 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry, where he is adjudant.

He became officer and was equipped with a lieutenancy for the regiment of Rouergue. He takes part in the defense of Thionville within the 58 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry (as lieutenant) then is in charge of the intendance to the Armée with the Ardennes. He profits from the councils of the general Leveneur, who becomes his mentor. To the Head office of Thionville and the Battle of Neerwinden, it gave bright evidence of its capacity and its bravery.

Called in Paris little time afterwards, it exposed to the Comité of public hello a plan of countryside so fortunately conceived, that Carnot illustrates it could not be prevented from exclaiming: “ Voilà a subaltern of a large good deserves. ” the entire Committee united in Carnot to admire so many knowing in an young man, and hastened to place it in a station worthy of him.

Dunkirk

Covered title of adjudant-general initially, Hoche accepted then the command of Dunkirk which it defended brilliantly against the English.

In 1793, it organizes the defense of the place of Dunkirk: after having solved the problems of intendance, and having selected the best elements around him, it makes flood the countryside around the city. At the time of the seat carried out by the duke of York, it operates several exits which make the seat too difficult to lead for the Britanniques, which raise the seat.

This success makes him climb the levels of the military hierarchy quickly. It is named Brigadier general, then Major general in October 1793, and finally general-in-chief of the Armée with the Moselle which undergoes initially a defeat in the attack of Landau ordered by the Comité of public hello.

After being itself seized Furnes, after having beaten Wurmser in the lines of Weissembourg, freed Pram and taken Germersheim, Whorl and Worms, on March 20th, 1794, it is lived removed with the army of the Moselle from which it had the command as a chief and was thrown in the prisons of Paris for treason, like member of the club of the cordeliers (following a decree signed by Carnot, Collot d' Herbois, Billaud-Game preserve, Robespierre and Barère), from where it left only in August, after the Chute of Robespierre.

Pacification of the West

In August 1794, it is called with the head of the armies of Brest and Cherbourg to pacify the West of France (the Vendée and Brittany). It restores the discipline, adopts an effective tactic against the guerilla of Chouans (mobile camps and units), and signs the peace agreements of Jaunaye the February 15th 1795 with the Vendean ones.

Side Chouan, it signs, without believing in it, the Accords of Mabilais the April 20th 1795. But several chiefs do not sign them, the agreement is transgressed then broken at the end of one month. Notch is prevented of an unloading with Carnac. it makes push back the British unloadings (of which that of the emigrants in the peninsula of Quiberon, in July 1795, and demolishes the Chouans. It then obtains the command of all the armies of the West.

Envisaging one second attempt, it lays out of the troops on the Nantes Sèvre in order to prevent a concentration of the Vendean forces, and prevents the unloading of the island of Yeu while being presented to it before the British. It disarms the Vendée systematically: the pressure is carried out by requisition, and taken hostages. His report/ratio in Paris approved east, and it obtains the command of the Armée with the coasts of the Ocean. Its second Travot captures Cart the March 23rd 1796. Notch completes then the disarmament of the Anjou, and pacification is officially proclaimed the July 15th.

Attempt in Ireland

However the cabinet of Saint-James redoubled activity to maintain the civil war in France. The " libérateur" west then conceived the bold project of a descent in Ireland: it went at once to Brest, it there made its preparations and embarked in this port at the end of 1796.

Army of Sambre-and-Meuse

On its return, it was named the February 23rd 1797 general-in-chief of the Armée with Sambre-and-Meuse, strong of 80.000 men and with the head of which it opened the countryside of 1797, while passing the the Rhine with Neuwied, in presence and under the gun of the enemy. It gained successively five victories, Neuwied, Ukerath, Altenkirchen, Dierdorf and Heddesdorf, and entered Wetzlar from where its adversary still believed it very distant; it operated to remove from only one blow the enemy army, when the armistice with Leoben, concluded by Napoleon Bonaparte with the prince Charles, suddenly stopped it with Giessen, on the edges of the Nidda, in the middle of its brilliances success and from its triumphal walk on the German territory.

One then offered the ministry for the war to him which he refused; but it accepted the command of an army corps placed around Paris, and intended to thwart the intrigues that the left Clichy maintained against the Directoire.

The libelous denunciations of its enemies were not long in making him lose this command which was entrusted to Augereau. Shake, offended this disgrace, asked judges to give to them a solemn an account of its control, and could not obtain them. Disgusted stay of Paris then, it turned over to its general headquarter of Wetzlar.

Died

But the term of its glorious career approached: it fell suddenly sick into the first days of September 1797, and died 19 of this month, in the middle of the cruelest pains, and while exclaiming: “ am I thus covered poisoned dress of Nessus? ” It was 29 years old. The autopsy of the corpse, ordered by the Directory, revealed, indeed, in the intestines, a multitude of black spots which appeared to people of the art of the indices of a violent death. It was actually about tuberculosis. Funeral honors were returned to the memory of Notch, as well with the army as in the interior of the Republic. A famous poet, Chénier, celebrated, in the noble ones towards, the glory of the so young hero removed with his fatherland.

Extract of the funeral praise pronounced by the president of the directory: Who more than me must indeed deplore his loss! He was the saver of the miens. Oh you which closed the horrible wound with which were afflicted so a long time the country which saw me being born and that which honoured me with its vote, guardian genius, sent by the sky in our regions to extinguish the fire of the discord there and to dry up the source of our tears there, receives, by my body, the homage of my sorry compatriots! ..... They know their misfortune; and of all shares, in the fields melancholic persons of the Vendée and about laughing the hills of Maine-et-Loire, your name comes to a conclusion in the middle of the sobs, and the echo repeats it while groaning!

Lazare Hoche was buried in Weißenthurm, a small town close to Coblentz; the place of the monument is called " Auf dem Frauenberg".

Internal bond

The Lycée Shakes, in Versailles, is named in its honor, just as the Hoche place in Versailles.

External bond

War of the Vendée

The statement of the funeral ceremony at the Champ de Mars in memory of the general Shakes:

Statement

Partial source

Literature

Arthur Chuquet : Wars of the Revolution: 9. Shake and the fight for Alsace, 1793-1794 ; (1893)

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