Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot

Family

He is resulting from a family distinguished in the bar. Husbands of Jacqueline Sophie Dupont de Maringheur, it had two wire: Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot and Lazare Hippolyte Carnot, itself father of Marie François Sadi Carnot. His/her brother is Joseph-François-Claude Carnot.

Biography

During Monarchy

He entered to the service the weapon of the genius in 1771, at the 18 years age; he had yet only the rank of captain to the royal body of the genius in 1783, when he wrote the praise of Vauban which was crowned by the Académie of Dijon. He had entered very young person the weapon of the genius and passed for an original among his comrades. He refused brilliances advantages in the armies of Frederic Large the.

The French revolution

He was Chevalier of Saint-Louis but limited in its ambitions by modesty of its origins, he adopted the French revolution. Elected official appointed of the Pas-de-Calais in 1791 with the legislative Parliament, then in 1792 with the Convention, it sits initially with the deputies of the Plain before joining the Montagnards. Member of the military committee, it made issue the armament of a many national guard and the dismissal of the guard of the king.

He belongs to the deputies who voted the death of Louis XVI.

Member of the Committee of public hello in July 1793, delegated to the Armies, it creates the fourteen armies of the Republic. He dealt exclusively with military operations and had the greatest part with successes of the French weapons, for this reason he deserved that one says of him that he had organized the victory of France. In 1793, sent as inspector to the Armed with North, it relieved the general Gratien, shown to have moved back on the battle field, put itself at the head French columns, and contributed strongly to the victory of Wattignies, close to Maubeuge, gained by Jourdan, on October 16th 1793.

Moderated heart like reason, it gives an opinion against Robespierre and Saint-Just at the time from the 8 and Thermidor 9 (26 - July 27th 1794). In 1795, it was one of the directors; but it was soon in opposition with Barras, was proscribed and was withdrawn in Germany. Recalled by the First Consul after the 18 brumaire, it accepted the wallet of the war, which it preserved until the conclusion of peace, after the battles of Marengo and Hohenlinden. Elected official powerful orator in 1802, it voted against the consulate with life, then against the creation of the Empire. It remained without employment until the Campagne of Russia: at that time, it liberally offered its sword to Napoleon I {{er}}. The defense of Antwerp was entrusted to him: it was maintained there a long time, and agree to give the place only on the orders of the count d' Artois.

Elected official member of the Academy of Science in 1796, it had to yield his place to Napoleon the following year and was re-elected only in 1800.

It became Minister of Interior Department during the Hundred Days and after the second abdication of Napoleon belonged to the provisional government. Exiled with the Restoration, he is banished like Régicide in 1816; he withdrew himself with Warsaw, then with Magdeburg, where he devoted the remainder of his days to the study. He dies in exile with Magdeburg. Its ashes like those of Marceau, Latour-Maubourg and Baudin, were transferred to the Pantheon the August 4th 1889 during an imposing ceremony, during the septennate of its grandson Sadi Carnot.

Publications

; Fortifications

Praise of Mr. Marshal of Vauban , first price of the Academy of Dijon, Dijon and Paris, Young A. Jombert, 1784.
Memory presented to the Council of the War about the fortified towns which must be demolished or abandoned, or Examination of this question: Is it advantageous with King de France that there are fortified towns on the borders of his States? , Paris, Barois the Elder one, 1789.
Of the defense of the fortified towns. Work made up for the instruction of the pupils of the Body of the Genius , Paris, Courcier, 1810.
Mémoire addressed to the king (July 1814). It censures there the walk followed by the ministry.

; Work scientific Lazare Carnot is universally known for his scientific work. In its Test on the machines in general (1786), it specified the laws of the shock and stated the law of conservation of work. It publishes Métaphysique Infinitesimal calculus in 1797. With its Geometry of position (1803), it appears at the same time as Monge like one of the creators of the modern geometry. It took part in addition with this one in the foundation of the Polytechnic school. ; Literary work

“Some poetries of Carnot”, Almanac of the Muses , Paris, Delalain, 1786-1791.
poetic Opuscules of general L.N.M. Carnot , Paris, Baudoin Wire, 1820.
Don Quichotte. Héroï-comic poem in 6 songs , Paris, F.A. Brockhaus, 1821.
General Lazare Carnot. Poetries , Paris, E. Baker, 1894.
the Dream. Ode , 1899.
Choice of poetries of general L.N.M. Carnot , Paris, Printing works E. Baudelet, 1933.

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