Lawsuit of Georges Danton and the dantonists

The lawsuit of Georges Danton and the dantonists was a lawsuit which took place of the 12 to 16 germinal year II (2 with the April 5th 1794).

First audience (April 2nd, 1794)

The Public prosecutor Fouquier-Tinville, the morning even 13 germinal year II (April 2nd 1794), purified the jury, drawing aside the likely individuals of indulgence towards the defendants. On about sixty sworn registered, the nine tenth were suspect.

Composition of the jury

The jury will comprise only seven members, all good patriots:

the violin maker Léopold Renaudin,
the Ganney wig maker,
the carpenter François Trinchard,
the musician Light,
the surgeon Joseph Souberbielle,
the manufacturer of Desboisseaux toys,
Leroy.

One of them however will weaken at the time to judge one of the " fathers of Révolution".

" Say to me, will ask him his Souberbielle colleague, who is most useful for the hello of Republic, Danton or Robespierre? - " Robespierre, well sûr". - " Then does not cry and come to judge Danton! "

Lawsuit

Around 11 a.m., after the service by sworn service of impartiality and firmness, Camille Desmoulins in vain challenges sworn Renaudin, enemy personal. With the call of its name Camille Desmoulins renovates itself one year by a bad impression of prêtoire: Thirty-three years, age of Jesus, criticizes for the patriots! Georges Jacques Danton is the ninth to answer the call: Georges Jacques Danton, old of thirty-four years, native of Arcis-on-Paddle, department of the Paddle, lawyer to above the Council revolutionary and representing of the people. My residence, soon in nothing, then in the Pantheon of the History! Import me little! Old residence, street and Marat section (perhaps he added: " The people will respect my head, yes, my guillotinée head! ")

Reading is made after the call, of the report/ratio of Jean-Pierre-Andre Amar on the business of corruption (business of the Compagnie of the Indies). Georges Danton is by no means implied there, but the amalgam is made between condemned. It is specified that it is not “not more irreproachable than others”.

The business François Chabot occupies the major part of this audience with the long deposition of Pierre Joseph Cambon, witness for the prosecution, intersected by the interrogations with Fabre d' Églantine. François Chub and the Abbé of Espagnac overpowers Jean Julien known as " of Toulouse" (absent). Georges Danton, claims the appearance of several witnesses: Laignelot, Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron, Deforgues (Foreign Minister), Etienne-Jean Panic grass, others still. Across the revolutionary Tribunal this request addresses to the members Comité of general security come to control the walk of the authority and who will be for certain present at all the audiences.

Georges Danton asks that a commission is formed within the Convention, a commission “to receive the denunciation that him, Camille Desmoulins and Pierre Philippeaux wanted to make against the system of dictatorship which exerted the Comité of public hello”. Armand Hermann will refuse to grant this request. Little time after the meeting will be raised and given to the following day.

Second audience (April 3rd 1794)

Appearance of François Westermann

With the general surprise, one introduces a new defendant, François-Joseph Westermann, stopped the day before and issued arrest with the contempt of the law of the 18 nivôse year II (January 7th 1794). The henchman of Dantonistes is guilty like the abbot of Espagnac to have wanted to reveal the bottom of the business Jean de Batz - Jacques-Rene Hébert. François-Joseph Westermann asks to be heard “useless form” answers president Armand Hermann - “We are here for the form!” launch Georges Jacques Danton. Armand Hermann recalls Georges Danton to the duty. Danton answers him. “It is me which instituted this court, thus I must know myself there”. Then it challenges Pierre Joseph Cambon: “Do you believe Us conspiring?” Cambon smiles. “See it laughs! He does not believe it! Write that he laughs!” Georges Danton adds while turning to the clerk. François Joseph Westermann will be questioned out of the room, by one of the judges. François-Joseph Westermann is famous for his apostrophe with Fouquier-Tinville: “I received seven wounds all per front; I received only one by behind from them: my bill of indictment!”

The audience included in a relative calm. In spite of the reading of the report/ratio of Louis Antoine Leon de Saint-Just, the president is delayed on the corruption affair (the business of the Company of the Indies). Georges Danton exasperated by the desired slowness of the debates, asks for the word unceasingly. It is answered him invariably that he will speak in his turn. but Georges Danton insists so much and so that Armand Hermann is solved to question him. This interrogation occupies the major part of the 14 germinal year audience II (April 3rd 1794). The six pages of the revolutionary Bulletin are only the summary.

Interrogation of Georges Danton

- " Danton, tells him Armand Hermann, national Convention shows you to have supported Dumouriez, to have made known it such as it was, to have shared its liberticides projects, such as making go an armed force on Paris to destroy the republican government and to restore the royauté" Georges Danton places the debate on his ground of predilection: - " My voice which so many times was made hear for the cause of the people, to support and defend its interests, will not have a sorrow to push back calumnies. The cowards who calumniate me would dare to attack me opposite?. That they are shown, and soon I will cover them themselves with the ignominie, of the opprobe which characterize them! Georges Danton adds some words on his place very ready with the Pantheon and his weariness of the life. Armand Hermann takes it again severely: " the audacity is clean crime and calm that of the innocence". He recalls it to the respect authorities and their decrees. Summoned to stick to the counts of indictment, Georges Danton continues:

- " The individual audacity is undoubtedly repressible, and never it could not be to me reproached. But audacity national, I gave so many times the example, of which I served so many times the public thing, this kind of audacity is allowed! … A man as cannot repress a feeling of indignation to him in front of the charges of his enemies: - " I was sold with Mirabeau! That they appear those which knew this market; how much does it have me T bought? … The men of my hardening are invaluable! It is on their face that is printed in ineffaceable characters the seal of freedom, the republican genius! And it is me whom one shows to have crawled with the feet of cheap despots, to have always been contrary with the party of freedom, to have conspired with Mirabeau and Dumouriez! And you, Saint-Just, you will answer the posterity of slandering launched against the best friend of the people, against his burning defender! … "

Georges Danton being let carry, Armand Hermann recalls it to the respect of the national representation, the court and the sovereign people. he advises to him to follow the example of Jean-Paul Marat who at one time had presented his defense in respectful terms. Danton is inclined and announces that it will answer point by point the report/ratio of Saint-Just (March 31st 1794). Can it be sold in Mirabeau, him which was opposed to its " projects; all times (that it them a) believed disastrous in freedom him which defended Jean-Paul Marat against Mirabeau, deputy of Aix-en-Provence, him which prevented the escape of Louis XVI in Saint-Cloud and made post with the club of Cordeliers the need for insurger" ? Danton again warms up, requires to be confronted with its indicters:

- " That they are produced to me, and I them replonge in nothing which they should never have left! Cheap impostors, appear, and I will tear off you the mask which conceals you with public vindication! The president stops it. - " Danton, it is not by indecent exits against its indicters that you will manage to convince the jury of your innocence! And to recall him that its indicters " enjoy the regard publique". - " An defendant like me, protests Danton, which knows the words and the things, answers in front of the jury but does not speak to him! I defend myself, and I calumny not! ". Georges Danton continues his apology, denies himself any ambition, of any cupidity, calls upon the " generous sacrifice" that it made of its existence to the fatherland. It is in this spirit that it fought Jean Sylvain Bailly and Fayette, all the conspirators who wanted to kill freedom. Then - dangerous associations of ideas - it is let go to its obsession moment:

- " It is necessary that I speak about three dishes rascals which lost Robespierre! (it is of Louis Antoine Leon de Saint-Just and Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Game preserve, the third being probably Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac). I have things essential to reveal! I ask to be heard peacefully, the safety of the fatherland in fact a law! "

Armand Hermann does not intend to do of this lawsuit that of the Committee of public hello. He invites Danton curtly to be explained in a clearer, calmer way and, without denouncing whoever, to contain himself in his only defense. Danton is still inclined:

- " I return to my defense… when Mirabeau wanted from to go away to Marseilles, I had a presentiment of his perfidious intentions. I revealed them and forced it to remain with the armchair. And thus he had managed to seize me, to open the mouth to me, or with me to close it! It is a quite strange thing which blindness of national Convention so far, on my account! It is a really miraculous thing that its sudden illumination! "

With the wire of the minutes, the projections of Danton make the conquest of the public. Sworn could they yield, them-also, with the seductions of dantonesque facundity.

Answer of Georges Danton on the charge of the re-establishment of the royalty

- " The irony to which you have recourse, declares the president anxious, does not destroy the reproach with you makes be to you open to the public of the mask of patriotism to mislead your colleagues and to support the royalty secretly… Danton persists in the irony: - " I remember indeed to have caused the re-establishment of the royalty, the resurrection of all the monarchical power, to have protected the escape from the tyrant while opposing to me of all my forces to his voyage of Saint-Cloud, while making roughcast spades and bayonets on his passage, by connecting some kind his dispach riders impetuous! If is there to declare the partisan of the royalty, to show the friend of it, if, with these features, one can recognize the man supporting tyranny, on this assumption, I acknowledge guilty being of this crime!

Charge relating to Field-of-March

Danton sweeps with force the charges relating to the business of the Field-of-March. The petition " contained only intentions pures". If he managed to escape, it is to flee the murderers launched to his continuation by the counter-revolutionaries.

Charge on its emigration in England

The president asking to him whether he did not emigrate in England, Danton answers that he went there with his brothers-in-law for business of trade. But it evokes especially a patriotic reason: " I banished, and swore to return in France only when freedom would be admise" there;. With the president who objects that Jean-Paul Marat him, did not flee the danger, Danton retorts that Marat made two stays in England " and that Ducos and Fonfrède owe him them salut". Danton, denounced Louvet to him, defended the popular companies with the danger of its life; It showed the complicity of Pierre-Henri Lebrun with Jacques-Pierre Brissot; it is him, Danton, which declared the day before the August 10th, that the people would be victorious or which him, Georges Danton, would have died.

Charge on its attitude on August 10th, 1792

Danton struggles like a beautiful devil, calling upon testimonys which would clear it, in particular by its attitude in the night of the 9 to the August 10th 1792, and cause hypothetical witnesses for the prosecution - " Where are thus the men who needed to press Danton to urge it to show itself in this day? Where are thus these priviligiés beings of which it borrowed energy? For two days the court has known Danton. Tomorrow he hopes to fall asleep in the center of glory! Never he denounced grace, and one will see it flying to the scaffold with the ordinary serenity to calm of the conscience! " And it takes again its timetable the day before on August 10th, by arranging it with its way (unless the drafting of the revolutionary Bulletin did not do it for him). It is remained during twelve hours with its section, to go back the following day there to nine hours. With the municipality it is him which claimed the death of Galiot Mandat of Grancey. Danton continues its defense in a complete disorder, a disorder which is partly that of the charge itself. All passes there: Fabre d' Églantine? It is true that it presented it to Convention like a skilful man… and joined together talents, but Fabre d' Églantine had deserved this praise while essuyant with courage " the fire of file which was done on the French on August 10th, 1792. Christmas sending, protected from Jean Marie Roland of the Water-splash to London? Danton was neither Foreign Minister, nor the despot of Conseil". Louis-Philippe, duke Of Orleans: its attitude with regard to above the duke was denatured.

Charge on the secret funds

One tackles the question of the secret funds then. Handling of the revolutionary Bulletin is particularly underhand. The text carries its effect then: " Me was deposited fifty million, I acknowledge it. I offer to give a faithful account of it: it was to give impulse to Révolution". However, Danton forever received similar sum for its non-recurring expenses or secret. The sentence of Danton relates to its own expenditure, but in the place of the figures of 400.000 books, one placed that of 50 million, summons that he had proposed to allot to the Committee at one time when him even had been excluded from it (1793). The falsification of the text makes it possible to present Danton like having received 50 million and could justify only use of 200.000 books… Indeed, Pierre Joseph Cambon having declared that to its knowledge Georges Danton had received 400.000 books and that it had given 130.000 from there into numerary, Danton answers:

- " I spent at open office only 20.000 books (they are the secret funds, that Danton acknowledges to have completely spent, which one knew already). In other words: 200.000 + 130.000 + 70.000 (actually, 68.684) = 400.000. The account is good. it is far from the 50 million.

- " These funds were the levers with which I electrified the departments. I gave 6.000 books to Billaud-Game preserve and me am brought back by it to him. I left with fabre the availability of all the sums which a secretary can need to deploy all his heart, and in that I did not do anything but a licite"

To believe the revolutionary Bulletin of it, Georges Danton changes subject to approach the business Adrien Duport.

The question of Adrien Duport

The question was certainly put by Armand Hermann. Danton affirms with balance that it did everything to stop this man. In counter-attack, he claims that it is marat which wanted to save Adrien Duport, and which the latter wanted to assassinate it in.liaison.with Lameth! Georges Danton had any interest to dissimulate the existence of his relationship with the brothers of Lameth, but it could not invent to be justified of an established fact - its intervention FOR Adrien Duport AGAINST Jean-Paul Marat - such an eccentric history. The lie according to certain historians is the fact of the writer of the revolutionary Bulletin .

On its complicity with the Of Gironde ones

The interrogation becomes again more probable when Danton draws aside the charge of complicity with the Of Gironde ones. Didn't the latter denounce, unceasingly, the aspirations with the dictatorship of Maximilien de Robespierre, Jean-Paul Marat and Georges Danton?

On its relations with Charles Dumouriez

In connection with the relations of Georges Danton with Charles François Dumouriez, he clears himself, seems he, in vague terms, avoiding going into the details. One sworn requiring of him then why Dumouriez did not continue the Prussian reprocesses some, it answers:

- " I mixed with the war only under political reports/ratios. Military operations were completely foreign for me. Furthermore, I had charged Billaud-Game preserve with supervising Dumouriez; it is him whom it is necessary to question on this matière".

Answer this completely plausible time.

On its relations with François Westermann

In connection with François Westermann - a new handling of the text, - he would have stated not to have " never nothing have in common with lui".

Even if Georges Danton did not understand that its lawsuit would be done without examination of witnesses (except Cambon which, if it overpowers Fabre d' Églantine is very measured with regard to Danton), the sentence is exactly in the style dantonien. Danton is cut off behind its direction " POLITIQUE" war, forgetting to say that the absence of continuation of the Prussians was precisely a POLITICAL measurement! Sworn having insisted, being astonished that Billaud-Game preserve did not guess the projects of Dumouriez, Danton answers that it is easier to judge after before the event. It gives a report on concerns of Billaud-Game preserve, rather similar to those which Danton nourished itself when it was determined to denounce the " cheating skilful (Dumouriez) which had the approval of all the représentants".

Georges Danton speaks since hours. Its fits of anger exhaust it. The stamp of its voice deteriorates. Especially it conquered the public. With a pretense solicitude, the president proposes to him to give to later the continuation of his defense. Danton falls into the trap. It accepts. The meeting will be raised soon, around 4 p.m. consolidated by the applause of the public, trustful in the sentence of Armand Hermann, perhaps hoping - but less and less - that the witnesses whom he claimed will be heard, Danton regains the Caretaker's lodge with the others marked. it did not understand that the word had been withdrawn to him. He is unaware of the content of the tickets that exchanged themselves since one Fouquier-Tinville moment, in particular these words of the hand of the president: " In half an hour, I will make suspend the defense of Danton; it will be necessary to take some measurements of détails"

Fouquier-Tinville goes near the Committee of public hello to ask to him whether it can quote the witnesses claimed by defense. The Committee is intractable: no the witness. Fouquier-Tinville, good foctionnaire, must be solved with bâcler the lawsuit of Danton after that of the Hébertistes.

Third audience (April 4th 1794)

Appearance of Louis-Marie Lullier

It is about Louis-Marie Lullier, public prosecutor syndic of the department of Paris, very at one time dependant with Jacques-Rene Hébert, Pierre-Gaspard Chaumette and the baron Jean de Batz. It is introduced at once to answer the interrogation of identity and to hear reading of its bill of indictment.

Danton requires to continue its defense

Georges Jacques Danton, as agreed, request to continue its justification. Armand Hermann refuses with the reason that others marked must also be questioned. Danton protests with strength, constant by Camille Desmoulins and Pierre Philippeaux.

Danton claims the quotation of the witnesses for the defense

He again claims the quotation of the witnesses whose his/her friends and gave him the list and the nomination of a commission of the Convention; what Fouquier-Tinville and Hermann would be well in sorrow to grant to him. The defendants protest with great cries, Fouquier-Tinville delays payment. He states to await the decision of the Committees. Georges Danton rises: Fouquier-Tinville, whereas the law authorizes it to quote witnesses for the defense, will require of the Committees, " composed of almost all its ennemis" , the authorization to do it!

Danton renews its charge against the Committees of public hello and general security

Georges Danton renews his charges against Louis Antoine Leon de Saint-Just, Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac, Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Game preserve, Georges Couthon and Maximilien de Robespierre, of the Committee of public hello, and against Marc Vadier, Jean-Pierre-Andre Amar, Jean-Henri Voulland of the Committee of general security. He calls some with the people of this illegal refusal. The public murmurs, claims in its turn of the witnesses. Thrown into a panic, Fouquier-Tinville writes a letter, corrected by Armand Hermann and that the two men dispatch at the Committee of public hello.

Letter of Fouquier-Tinville and Hermann addressed to the Committee of public hello

" A terrible storm thunders since the meeting is started: the defendants, into exaggerated, claim the hearing of the witnesses for the defense (the names follow); they call some with the people of the refusal which they claim to test (Hermann had to remove the distressed sentence of Fouquier-Tinville: " IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TRACE YOU the STATE Of AGITATION OF the SPIRITS). In spite of the firmness of the president of the court and whole court, their multiplied complaints disturb the meeting and they announce aloud that they will not be keep silent that their witnesses are not heard and without a decree: we invite you definitively to trace us our control on this complaint, the legal order providing us any means of justifying this refus". (the letter was perhaps prepared in advance).

Hearing of marked which was not questioned

The debates continue in an extreme agitation with the hearing of marked which were not still questioned. Danton seizes all the occasions, accumulating jokes and witty remarks.

Marked Danton of plunderings in Belgium

At the time of the interrogation of Charles-François Delacroix, Georges Danton must in connection with the famous seizure of Béthune deny himself the charge of plundering in Belgium (8 - April 12th 1793).

Charge related to Georges Danton concerning François Hanriot

Fouquier-Tinville and Armand Hermann show Georges Danton to have blamed François Hanriot in the day of the May 31st 1793, to have shown it to want to assassinate it, to have claimed its head in agreement with Jean-Marie Herault de Séchelles and Charles-François Delacroix. Danton protests against the " monstrous calomnie" , its profession of faith anti-jacobine reiterates.

Between 16 and 17 hours, Armand Hermann reassures itself by receiving a ticket of Jean-Marie Collot d' Herbois which announces the vote of the required decree, whose text will be to him dispatched as well as parts " whose Convention ordered the reading, which will clear up the public opinion on all the depth of the conspiration". Shortly after occur Marc Vadier, Jean-Pierre-Andre Amar and Jean-Henri Voulland, they exultent: " we hold them the scélérats! They conspired in the house of Luxembourg! " Fouquier-Tinville joined them in the room of the witnesses. By receiving the documents, it will mark its relief: " We needed some! "

The decree of Saint-Just

The decree had been torn off by Louis Antoine Leon de Saint-Just with Convention, without debate:

“The president will employ all the means which the law gives him to make respect its authority and that of the court, and to repress any temptation on behalf of the defendants to disturb public peace and to block the walk of justice… Very prevented conspiracy which will resist or insult with national justice will be put out of the debates at once. ”

When the evening even or the next morning, reading is made decree of the defendants, Georges Danton will draw up himself and shout: " I take the audience with witness whom we did not insult with the court, with the people nor with national justice! "

- Not, not! the public will approve.

- We are not conspirators! Danton would have begun again… The people one day will know the truth of what I say! … Here is dictatorship! the dictator tore the veil! He shows himself with overdraft!

After the reading of the decree, that of the denunciation of the " will follow; mouton" Laflotte relating to the Conspiracy of the prisons woven by the prisoners of the Prison of Luxembourg to deliver the dantonists and whose chiefs are the general Arthur de Dillon and… Lucile Desmoulins! The unhappy Camille Desmoulins crumbled while shouting: " Nonglad to assassinate me, they want to still assassinate my wife! " To the members of the Committee of general security who, installed behind the judges, observed the scene, Georges Danton launched: " See these cowards assassins! They will follow us until death! "

Fourth audience (April 5th, 1794)

The 16 germinal year meeting II (April 5th, 1794) was to be decisive. A decree voted during the lawsuit of Of Gironde (October 1793) allowed sworn at the end of three days to declare itself sufficiently informed, which put an end to the debates. However the three fateful days were past.

The audience opened earlier than usually: the Committees and the revolutionary Tribunal did not have anything any more to fear.

Georges Danton and Charles-François Delacroix reiterate their request which the witnesses for the defense are heard

Georges Jacques Danton and Charles-François Delacroix in vain reiterated their request which the witnesses of which they gave the list are heard.

Fouquier-Tinville answers them that itself gave up quoting those of the charge to submit with the orders of Convention (Fouquier-Tinville had envisaged the hearing of several witnesses for the prosecution. Only Pierre Joseph Cambon was heard. It is possible that the testimony of this last, overpowering for Fabre d' Églantine and François Chabot but rather favorable to Georges Danton, led the public prosecutor, Fouquier-Tinville, before even receiving the order of the Committee of public hello, to give up quoting with the bar of the individuals not answering the mission which was assigned to them).

Documentary evidences against the defendants

Fouquier-Tinville adds that the court will judge on documentary evidences. Fouquier-Tinville exploits the words. With the difference of Camille Desmoulins, against which its newspaper the Old man Cordelier was in itself a proof, there were no documentary evidences against Georges Danton, but only against Joseph Delaunay and his accomplices.

Din having begun again, Armand Hermann makes read and read again the decree of the day before (see Procès of Georges Danton and Dantonistes third audience). The threat takes effect: the defendants calm themselves a little.

Georges Danton and Charles-François Delacroix ask to justify themselves

Georges Danton and Charles-François Delacroix, seeing the president questioning the last defendants, ask to continue their stopped justifications the two days before, on April 2nd, 1794. They in will not have the leisure. Fouquier-Tinville requires of sworn if they are estimated sufficiently informed. The defendants spread themselves in imprécations against the " brigands" , " assassins" , " tyrans".

The defendants are put out of the debates

With his request, Hermann declares " that waited until the defendants badly behaved towards the court, they are put out of the débats".

- " Put out of the debates! howl Georges Danton who is one of only to keep some dignity. But you them judges, you sworn them, you all are yesterday agreed in the presence of the people, and populates it with you, that the fact which had served as a pretext for our enemy cowards to suspend on Convention the decree of which it is question. But what good is it to insist of the kind? "

- " The decree exists, answers Armand Hermann, there must be exécuté."

- " That one leads us to the scaffold! Georges Danton would have retorted. I will not more dispute my life with infamous which assassinate me! Populate… I will die worthy of you! "

The defendants are torn off with their benches and conduit with the Conciergerie.

Deliberation of sworn on the fate of Georges Danton and of the dantonists

Sworn deliberate on the fate on the dantonists. At the end of two hours, sworn declare themselves informed sufficiently.

The Court communicates at sworn several piece-rates of which a letter showing Georges Danton

To decide sworn, Armand Hermann and Fouquier-Tinville communicated to them, on order of the Committee of general security several parts whose letter discovered in the residence of Georges Danton and who would prove his culpability. It acts, according to certain historians, undoubtedly the letter of an English agent addressed to the Perregeaux banker, Friday (September 13rd 1793) and whose names are quantified. It indicates that C.D. (the citizen Camille Desmoulins? it is incredible according to other historians) and W.T. (François-Joseph Westermann? for the same historians they is completely hazardous) have work, at one recent time, for " to blow the feu" and to push the Jacobins with the paroxysm of the fureur" so, by a recoil, to restore the royalty in France.L' agent of the Foreign Office invites Perregeaux to reward them financially. This letter is undoubtedly not a forgery, but according to certain historians it was perhaps not seized at Georges Danton. And even if it were the case, it does not prove anything. One can be astonished that it is not used during the debates. This letter, being added to the sneakings of Laflotte, has to reinforce sworn in their conviction.

Jean-Pierre-Andre Amar, Jean-Henri Voulland, Jacques-Louis David and Marc Vadier do not leave the refreshment bar of the Palate during the deliberation.

Death sentence of Georges Danton and the fourteen Dantonistes

After a news but short deliberation, sworn save Louis-Marie Lullier - this accomplice of the baron Jean de Batz - and condemn to dead the fifteen others marked: Fabre d' Églantine, François Chub, Jean-Marie Herault de Séchelles, Claude Basire, Joseph Delaunay, Georges Jacques Danton, Camille Desmoulins, Pierre Philippeaux, the Abbot of Espagnac, Junius and Emmmanuel Frey, Guzmann, Diederischen, François-Joseph Westermann, Jean-François Delacroix.

See too

Internal bonds

Lenient

External bonds

To read the report of the lawsuit of Danton and Dantonistes in front of the revolutionary Tribunal in the “Newspaper of the Lawsuits”

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