The Régime of Vichy enacted, for the French State , several laws on the statute of the Jews , excluding the latter like categories with share from the population, stage before their regrouping with Drancy then their extermination in the Concentration camps and centers of setting to death.

The mode adopts thus, of the laws of exclusion against the Juifs, children included/understood. Other categories of the population, such as the Communist freemasons or the , are also pursued by the new mode, which carries out an administrative purification. Before the invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22nd, 1941, hunting for the Communists is not a priority for the Nazi regime because of signature of the pact germano-Soviet on August 23rd, 1939. It is not the case in France, where the PCF, having approved this pact, thus is regarded as combined of Germany following the declaration of war in September 1939. It is put out the law by the government Daladier and takes refuge then in clandestinity.

The laws governing the statute of the Jews were copied from the laws or ordinances Nazis, which they equalized in hardness for their victims. They were thus much more rigorous than those of the fascistic Italy which governed the Comté of Nice. These laws of exception were installation as of the advent of the new mode directed by Pétain: thus, the law on the dénaturalisations was installation as of on July 16th, 1940, one month hardly after the proclamation of the Régime of Vichy. The first statute of the Jews, which excludes those from the public office and the commercial and industrial functions, dated October 3rd, 1940, while the second statute, which obliges with the registration of the Jewish companies and excludes the Jews from any commercial or industrial profession, was passed in July 1941. The Law of October 4th, 1940, promulgated simultaneously with the Statute of the Jews, authorizes the internment immediate of the foreign Jews.

The mode Collaborationiste is put thus at the service of the policy of the Nazi Germany for hunting for the Jews, which were stopped by the French police force, entrusted to the French gendarmerie, generally conveyed in the trains of the SNCF towards the Concentration camps French (Camp of Drancy and well of others) before being given to the Nazis within the framework of the Final solution. Thus, the “file Tulard”, consisted the police headquarter, is transmitted to service IV J of the Gestapo, in load of the aforesaid the “Jewish question”.

Measurements taken by the Daladier government before the Treaty of armistice

  • November 12th, 1938, bearing decree creation of special centers for the retention from undesirable abroad.
  • February 6th, 1939, the members of the international Brigades and the republican refugees of the Spanish Civil war are gathered in the camps of South-west like the camp of Rivesaltes or the Camp of Gurs.
  • August 23rd, 1939, the Nazi Germany and the USSR sign a pact of nonaggression: the French Communist party is aligned on Moscow.
  • August 30th, 1939, circular envisaging the “gathering in the special centers from all abroad residing on the French soil who are amenable to enemy countries”.
  • September 26th, 1939, the government Daladier dissolves the French Communist party and prohibits to the publication of the newspaper Humanity .
  • November 18th, 1939, Order in Council which extends to all the “dangerous individuals for National defense and public safety” the capacity of administrative internment of the prefects.
  • May 15th, 1940, circular envisaging the regrouping and the internment in camps of all the old German nationals from 17 to 56 years, then women from 17 to 67 years.
  • June 14th, 1940, the German troops enter to Paris.

Provisions of the Treaty of armistice

The treaty of armistice signed on June 22nd, 1940 between the representative of the III {{E}} German Reich and that of the French government, provides that French sovereignty is exerted on the whole of the territory, including the occupied Zone and the the Alsace-Moselle, but in the occupied zone, it is stipulated that Germany exerts the rights of the occupying power, which implies that the administration collaborates with her in a correct way. If this treaty does not include/understand any relative tendency with the Jews, it envisages two clauses which will bind their fate to the policy anti-semite of Germany:
  • article 3 provides that: In the occupied areas of France, German Reich exerts all the rights of the occupying power. The French government commits itself facilitating by all the means the regulations relating to the exercise of these rights and the setting in execution with the assistance of the French Administration.
  • articles 16 and 19 provide that: The French government will carry out the repatriation of the population in the occupied territories, of agreement with the qualified German services (they were all the populations having fled the zones of war during the Exodus), that: All the prisoners of war and captive civil German, including the defendants and condemned who were stopped and condemned for acts made in favor of German Reich, must be given without delay with the German troops. and: The French government is held to deliver on request all the German nationals designated by the government of Reich and who are in France, just as in the French possessions, the colonies, territories under protectorate and mandate.

So it is necessary to specify the measurements taken by the authorities of German occupation in left Northern and West France, and those taken by the Régime of Vichy.

Measurements taken by the German authorities in occupied zone

  • September 27th, 1940, German ordinance defining the First German statute of the Jews and provisions relating to their goods; rencensement Jews with the File Tulard, “Jewish” sign on the fronts of the stores.
  • October 18th, 1940, German ordinance placing under sequestration the companies and goods belonging to the Jews absent or stopped, said Ordinance of Aryanisation .
  • April 26th, 1941, German ordinance redefining the Second German statute of the Jews .
  • June 14th, 1941, German ordinance which extends the Second statute German of the Jews of the zone occupied to the free zone. Refused by the Vichy government.
  • September 28th, 1941, German ordinance imposing the payment on the Deposit and consignment office of the money of the sale of the goods confiscated with the Jews within the framework of the aryanisation.
  • December 17th, 1941, German ordinance forcing to the Jews a fine of a billion francs to be taken on the sums sequestered with the Deposit and consignment office.
  • March 27th, 1942, occupied Zone: first convoy of Jews off-set by the German authorities since the camp of Compiegne.
  • May 29th, 1942, German ordinance imposing to the Jews the port yellow star, in application on June 7th.
  • June 1942, the services of the S are charged to seek and stop all the Jews.
  • July 8th, 1942, German ordinance prohibiting to the Jews the frequentation theaters and prohibiting to them the access to the stores apart from the period from 15 to 4 p.m.
  • July 12th, 1942, order by the German Service of the Jewish businesses directed by Theodor Dannecker to stop all the Jews in occupied zone.
  • July 15th, 1942, massive arrest in occupied zone of Jews which are interned with the Vélodrome of Winter.
  • November 11th, 1942, invasion of the free Zone by Germany because of the invasion of North Africa by the allied forces.

Measurements taken by the Vichy government

The first antijuives measurements are taken shortly after the German authorities: First statute Vichyist of Jews of October 3rd, 1940, prepared by Raphaël Alibert, prohibited with Jewish S French to exert certain number of professions (civil servant, teacher, journalist, leader of certain companies, etc), while a Loi of October 4th, 1940 envisages to lock up the Jewish foreigners in camps of internment in the south of the country as that of Gurs where they will be joined by convoys of Jews off-set by the Germans since areas which IIIe Reich regards as definitively annexed, like Alsace, Lorraine and even, for some, of Belgium.

Other categories of the population are the subject of measurements of suspicion or proscription like the freemasons and the Communistes, the latter since the PCF took the party to support the pact germano-Soviet and that it was prohibited by the government Daladier.

The laws governing the statute of the Jews took as a starting point the laws or ordinances Nazis which were much more rigorous than those of the fascistic Italy which will govern the Comté of Nice. These laws of exception were installation as of the advent of the new mode directed by Pétain: thus, the law on the dénaturalisations was installation one month hardly after the proclamation of the Régime of Vichy.

The Law of October 4th, 1940, promulgated simultaneously with the Second statute Vichyist of the Jews , authorizes the internment immediate from Jewish abroad.

The mode Collaborationiste is put thus at the service of the policy of the Nazi Germany and the Jews were stopped by the police force and the French gendarmerie, conveyed in the trains of the SNCF worms of the Concentration camps French (like Gurs, Drancy and well of others) before being off-set by the Nazis in death camps located in Germany and Poland.

  • July 16th, 1940, law revising naturalization obtained since 1927: on: 195000 naturalizations: 15000 people see themselves forced to take again their nationality of origin, of which approximately: 6000 Jews.

  • October 3rd, 1940, law of the First Vichyist statute of the Jews , published on October 18th: they are excluded from the public office of the State, the army, teaching and the press.
  • October 4th, 1940, law envisaging the internment from abroad of Jewish origin on administrative decision of the prefects.
  • October 7th, 1940, law abolishing the Decree Crémieux granting French nationality to the Jews of Algeria.
  • March 29th, 1941, creation in Paris of the Police station to the Jewish questions , and nomination of Xavier Vallat at his head.
  • June 2nd, 1941, law instituting a Second Vichyist statute of the Jews : lengthening of the list of professional prohibitions, numérus clausus to teach at the University (3 %) and for the liberal professions (2 %). A decree passed in July 1941 excludes also the Jews from the commercial or industrial professions.
  • July 22nd, 1941, relative law with the companies and goods having belonged to Jews absent or missing, said “Law of Aryanisation”, taken by the Vichy government.
  • November 27th, 1941, the Jewish deputies and senators are deposed their mandates, by the Vichy government.
  • December 9th, 1941, decree envisaging the internment from abroad and Jewish stateless people entered to France since January 1st, 1936.
  • June 11th, 1942, decree prohibiting to the Jews the artistic professions.
  • November 11th, 1942, invasion of the free Zone by Germany.
  • December 11th, 1942, law forcing the Jews to make affix the mention “Jew” on their indentity card,

No official measurement aiming at exerting physical violences against the Jews or their goods were taken by the French authorities, as it was the case in Germany as of the come to power of Hitler and its SA. In addition, except the camp of the Struthof, there was not in France of death camps.

General table

Taken capacity of Pétain : June 17th, 1940; Takeover of Hitler : January 30th, 1933. Between bracket: duration enters the takeover and the édiction of the mesure

See too

Texts in Wikisource

  • Law of October 3rd, 1940

  • Law of June 2nd, 1941
  • Decree of June 6th, 1942

External bonds

  • Documents of files on line, diffused by the General advice of the Alpes-Maritimes:

    • '' teaching files '', “1st part: exclusion”
    • '' teaching files '', “Of discrimination to the extermination”
    • '' teaching files '', “Of discrimination to the extermination” version {{pdf}}]
  • laws and the statute of the Jews, extract of the lawsuit Papon
  • Aloumim Site, '' the statute of the Jews: 1940 '', “Law carrying statute of the Jews”
  • ordinaire.org Exile, '' Traces and impressed '', various sources on exclusions of Jews in 1939-1945

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