Laws licinio-sextiennes

The laws licinio-sextiennes ( Leges Licinia Sextia ) are Roman laws voted in 367 av. J. - C. and which take effect the following year, in 366 av. J. - C. These laws bear the name of their two authors, the Tribuns of the plebs Caius Licinius Stolon and Lucius Sextius Lateranus. They restore definitively the Consul At, with obligatorily one of both Magistrat S supreme which must be Plébéien, they impose a limitation of the possessions of the Ager publicus , and they include/understand surely some provisions to decrease the loads weighing on the debtors.

Proposal of the laws

In 376 av. J. - C., the two legislators Caius Licinius Stolon and Lucius Sextius Lateranus are elected for the first time Tribuns of the plebs, and immediately propose a series of laws to improve the situation of the Plèbe in Rome, where the leading class of the Patricien S. They dominate is laws policy, economic and social, aiming sharing the supreme capacity between Plébéien S and Patricien S, at fighting against the monopolization by the Patricien S of the grounds recently annexed around Rome ( Ager publicus ), and with to relieve the Plebs which is crushed debts:

political Shutter : re-establishment of the Consul At, with obligatorily a Plebeian elected official among the two consuls;
economic Shutter : Prohibition to occupy more than 500 Jugères on the Ager publicus ;
Social aspect : Deduction of the capital of the interests already paid and spreading out of refundings of the debts over three years, as well as the suppression of the Nexum .

All along the years 450 av. J. - C., of the Tribuns of the plebs require the written setting of the rights of the Magistrat S ( Lex Terentilia ) and the access to the Consul At for the Plébéiens, as well as many other claims after the many insurrections of the Plèbe crushed debts. The Décemvir S are named and have the full powerss to regulate the crisis and write the Loi of the Twelve Tables, first advanced for the Plèbe, followed by the vote of the lex Valeria Horatiæ to the fall of the Décemvir S which were maintained illegally with the capacity. This law reinforces the capacity of the Tribuns of the plebs. To prevent that the Plébéien S can reach the Consul At, the Patricien S create new loads: the censures, reserved for the patriciat, and the military tribunat with consular capacity, accessible to all. Since 444 av. J. - C., Consul S Patrician S or military Tribuns with consular capacity mixed are elected each year. At the beginning, the Patricien S monopolize the news Magistrat RUE, but gradually, at the same time as the access to the quaestorship, towards the end of fifth century BC and at the beginning of fourth century BC, the Plébéien S is increasingly numerous to reach the military tribunat with consular capacity, which becomes almost systematic, replacing the Consul At.

Political blocking

The Tribuns of the plebs are ten, and have a whole a right of Veto on the decisions of the others Magistrat S, like those of the others Tribuns of the plebs, except in time of war or against a dictator. Thus, the Patrician S, controlling at least one of the ten powerful orators, block the vote of these laws via a Veto of one of the powerful orators to their balance.

In 368 av. J. - C., they end up becoming in addition to the right of Veto their colleagues and join together the Comices tributes for the vote of their laws. The Patricien S react to this takeover by force by naming Camille dictator, which is savagely opposed to the reform, and very popular after having saved Rome of the Gaulois of Brennus in 390 av. J. - C. It resigns shortly after for obscure reasons, and another dictator is named, Publius Manlius Capitolinus, which takes as Maître cavalry Caius Licinius Stolon, to alleviate the spirits, which is the first Plébéien to be reached this load.

Vote laws

In 367 av. J. - C., after ten mandates of Powerful orator of the plebs, Caius Licinius Stolon and Lucius Sextius Lateranus subject finally their laws to the Comices tributes. They join together them into only one to facilitate their votes, in particular to make vote the obligation that there is a Consul Plébéien, thanks to the two other proposals, social and economic, which have the support of the voters. The three laws, plain in only one for the vote, are approved by the Comices tributes in spite of the opposition of Camille, again dictator.

First Consul S Plebeian S

As of 366 av. J. - C., by application of new the laws, a Plébéien reaches for the first time the last walk of the Cursus honorum : the Consul At, it acts of Lucius Sextius Lateranus

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