Lausanne
Lausanne is the fifth Ville of Switzerland, Capitale of the Canton of Vaud and Chef-lieu of the District of Lausanne. Lausanne is the center of the Agglomération lausannoise, 316 000 inhabitants according to the OFS. It is about an important center for the culture, the sport, the economy and the formation as well as a turntable of public transport with Switzerland of the West. Moreover, Lausanne is the Olympic capital , where the head office of the CIO (International Olympic committee) resides.
Denomination
In the Swiss national languages, Lausanne is written also German Lausanne in (in the past Losanen) and Italian Losanna in and Romanche.
Geography
Lausanne is located on northern bank of the Lac Léman in the Swiss plate. It is populated of 131.161 inhabitants. Four rivers cross it: Flon, the She-wolf, the Vuachère and the Riolet. The two first are today buried and meet under ground with the downtown area to go to throw itself in the lake. The center of the capital of Vaud is built on three hills: The City, the Borough and the St. Lawrence, connected between them by some bridges such as the Large Bridge, the Bessières bridge and the Chauderon bridge. The city extends on uneven of more than 500 meters, port of Ouchy (374 m) with the Country cottage-with-Gobet (873 m), while passing by the downtown area (495 m), the airport of the Blécherette (600 m) and it wood of Sauvabelin (640 m).The commune covers an total surface area of 41,37 km ², including/understanding the southern sector of the downtown area, an enclave in the North-West enters the communes of Cheseaux and Romanel as well as the north-eastern prolongation surrounding the commune of Epalinges. The principal part extends between the Vuachère river (in the east), Chamberonne (in the west) and the edge of the Lac Léman in the South. Since the edge of the lake, the city extends towards north in terraces, the center extends since Chaudron to Caroline while passing by the district from the Flon and the Station until the place from Riponne, then to the districts north of the city (Blécherette, Bellevaux, Montolieu and Vennes).
From this principal zone of the commune, towards the North-East since the district from Praz-Séchaud a narrow band extends skirting the communes from Epalinges and Savigny to the foot from the Jorat. Over there is the collar of Country cottage-with-Gobet (873m) where N1 Lausanne - Bern passes. In the surroundings, mainly made up of forests are in particular the Country cottage of the Children, the Boverat Country cottage and the hotel École of Lausanne. The most point of the commune of Lausanne, also highest of Jorat, culminates to 929 Mr.
Moreover, Lausanne has an enclave in the sector of Vernand. It is delimited in north and the west by the valley of Mèbre (an affluent of Chamberonne) and includes/understands in particular the Wood of Vernand as well as the industrial park of Vernand.
In the communal surface of Lausanne (east. 1997), there are 42,9% of agglomeration, 39,6% of forests and places of greenery, 17,3% of countryside and 0,2% of unproductive area.
History
The town of Lausanne was already populated with Gallo-Roman Vicus named Lousonna is founded starting from 15 av. J. - C. in the current sector of the district of Vidy. To crossed many transportation routes, this one extends until the medium from the 3rd century, then it starts to decline during the Germanic invasions and is finally abandoned in the middle of the 4th century with the profit of the hill of the city.
Lausanne is one of the stages of the Via Francigena, way of driving pilgrimage to Rome. It is mentioned for this reason by Sigéric, in 990, with the mention LIV Losanna (number of stage on the basis of Rome).
In 1536, the Berneses take the city at the same time as the remainder of the Canton of Vaud. The bishop, Sebastien de Montfalcon, flees the city, which one is not évêché any more since.
Recent political life
The town of Lausanne has a legislature, the Town council, equipped with 100 members, and an executive, the Municipality, cash seven members. The legislature is elected with the system proportional and the executive to the majority system with two turns.
Lausanne knew a first municipality of left (1934 - 1937) with the Socialist Arthur Maret as a syndic then of 1946 with 1949 with Pierre Graber. The line returned to the capacity in 1938 with the radicals Jules-Henri Addor and Jean Peitrequin in 1950, Georges-Andre Chevallaz in 1958, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz in 1974 and Paul-Rene Martin in 1981 like syndics. The left took again to the control of the municipality in 1989 (elections of October and November) with like syndics the Socialists Yvette Jaggi (1990) and Jean-Jacquis Schilt (1998) then the moderate Green Daniel Brélaz (2002 and 2006, each time at the first turn, was also elected with the National council (Swiss) with Bern the 21 oct.2007). To note that Graber, Chevallaz and Delamuraz then sat at the Federal council.
At the time of the communal elections of March 2006, the left was consolidated in its positions. It occupies from now on six of the seven seats to the Municipality, against four only at the time of the preceding legislature. They are from now on occupied as follows: three members of the Socialist party, two members of the Green , a member of the popular working Left and a member the radical-democratic Left.
The Town council also knew to him a turn on the left, since it occupies from now on 64 of the 100 seats, against only 55 in the outgoing parliament. They are distributed as follows:
(in September)
- the exposure in the city “Lausanne Gardens” (1997, 2000, 2004)
- Contest of ballet dancing and contemporary for young dancers the Price of Lausanne
- Festival of the City (first week of July, theater, dance and music in the lanes of the old city)
- BD-FIL International festival of Cartoon (first edition in September 2005)
- Carnival of Lausanne
- Lausanne Estival
- Lausanne Underground Film and Music Festival (LUFF)
- Jazzonze+ Festival Lausanne (Casino of Monbenon)
- The night of the Museums (at the end of September of each year)
- Festival of the Music (June 21st)
- Lôzane' S Burning - support for the scene local rock'n'roll (in January)
- Time Film Festival (festival of course measurings)
Sporting events
- Athletissima, international meeting of athletics
- 20 km of Lausanne
- Marathon of Lausanne
- Triathlon of Lausanne
Transport
The station CF of Lausanne is also the departure of the road cyclist main road called Route Mittelland which leads to Romanshorn.
Public transport
Public transport of the area lausannoise (TL) has:
- an important network of Trolley bus, bus using electricity like energy source. Association " Rétrobus" restore and maintenance of old vehicles (with which one of the first trolley buses lausannois of 1932) and provides for tourist circulations during the beautiful season.
- a network of drunk
- Two lines of subway
- the M1 (called " TSOL") , primarily with the free air, connecting the center of the capital to the commune of Renens, located in the western suburbs, and also serving the university campus at the edge of the lake Léman.
- the m2
- Formerly: The “String” actually a funicular transformed into train with toothed rack from where its nickname of “String” which connected Ouchy (edge of the lake) to the place of Europe (center town), via the station CF of Lausanne. This connection was closed the January 22nd 2006, replaced temporarily by a line of bus, MétroBus.
- Future: In 2003, by voting, the people accepted an important investment (more than 500 million CHF) for the installation of an underground line regional, called the m2 - considered as the first true subway in Switzerland - and which must cross Lausanne of north to the south. Construction began the June 17th 2004 and, if the calendar is respected, it will circulate as of 2008 of Ouchy to Epalinges, and will have the characteristic to be the subway with the strongest declivity of Europe. It will prolong the layout of the “String” and will replace it on its course.
- the train Lausanne Echallens - Bercher (LEB) which has its terminus in the place of Europe, in the same station as the subways, but which belongs to a separate company.
- the Airport of Blécherette, in the north of the city, which is opened with the traffic since 1910/1911.
Principal employers
-
Old people's homes-CHUV (University hospital of Vaud): 6 500 employees (2004)
- Philip Morris, international seat for the tobacco activities: 2000 employees on 23 000 m 2 of administrative surface and 494 parking bays to the slope of Court (brought into fine service 2006).
- City and administration of Lausanne: 4 500 employees (2006)
- federal Polytechnic school of Lausanne (FPSL): 4000 employees
- University of Lausanne (UNIL): 1 600 employees (2004)
Olympic capital
Since 1915, Lausanne shelters the seat of the International Olympic committee (CIO) and of the principal institutions related to the Olympic Movement, that also of about fifteen international sporting federations. In 1994, Lausanne was promoted capital Olympique. All these factors make of Lausanne the administrative capital of the world sport.
Institutions and Organizations of the Olympic Games
-
the International Olympic committee (CIO)
- the Olympic Museum of Lausanne
- the Association of the International federations of the Olympic Sports of Summer
- the Association of the International federations of the Olympic Sports of Winter
- the European Association of Athletics (EAA)
- the European Association of Golf (EGA)
- the International Academy of Sciences and Technology of the Sport
- the International Olympic Association for Médico-Sporting Research
- the Olympic Solidarity
- the Arbitration court of the sport (HEAP)
International sporting federations
- the International federation of volley ball (FIVB)
- the International federation of the companies of oar (FISA)
- the International federation of shooting to the arc (FITA)
- the International federation of baseball (IBAF)
- the International federation of fencing (TRUSTS)
- the International federation of the associated fights (SLIPPED BY)
- the International federation of swimming amateur (FINA)
- the International federation of sporting dance amateur (IDSF)
- the International federation of hockey (IHF)
- the International federation of table tennis (ITTF)
- the International federation of canoe (FIC)
- the International federation of bobsleigh and tobogganing
- the International federation of boxing
- the International federation of hockey on ground
- the International federation of swimming
- the International federation of ice-skating
- the international equestrian Federation (FEI)
- the international aeronautical Federation
- the European Federation of athletics
- the world Federation of bridge
- the European Union of gymnastics
Several of these international federations and other sporting organizations are gather at the House of the international sport
-
See the List of the sporting international federations
Sports
- the Lausanne-Sports, old professional club of football, having gone bankrupt in 2003. The club set out again in the 4th Swiss division under the name of FC Lausanne Sport! It is again professional today and militates in the 2nd division following two promotions in two years
- Aujourd'hui several lausannoises teams militate in the leagues amateurs: the ES Malley FC, the Stage-Lausanne-Ouchy, FC Concordia Lausanne and the Racing Club Lausanne. As well as clubs of foreign origin like the Sport Lausanne Benfica, FC Dardania-Lausanne, FC Azzuri 90 LS, the Spanish Lausanne and FC Slavia Lausanne.
- Hockey
- hockey is undoubtedly the sport more snuffed in the lemanic city, or at least as much as football. The lausannoise team is the Lausanne Hockey Club or LHC. The club often oscillates between the first division (LNA) and the second division (LNB) in spite of the very high rate of multitude (leader with 3000 people in LNB and second in LNA with 9500). One often quotes Lausanne like capital of Swiss hockey with Bern.
- Athletissima , one of the most prestigious athletics meeting of the world each year since 1977
- Triathlon
- Rowing Club Lausanne, club of oar with Vidy
- Lausanne Sharks, club of American football
- Lausanne MB, club of Basket-ball
- Lausanne-Sports Oar
- Lausanne with organized the championships of the world of artistic gymnastics in 1997.
Scouts groups
The town of Lausanne counts many scouts groups of which 1st appeared in 1912. They all are members of ASVD (Association of scouting of Vaud).
Justice
-
Seat of the Federal court
See too
Internal bond
- List of the districts of Lausanne
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