Last nine levels (system)

The Modèle of the nine levels of Complexité of a Système was imagined by Kenneth E. Boulding in 1956. It was taken again and adapt by Jean-Louis Moigne in 1977.

Model of Boulding

It was presented in an article of Management Science of April 1956, named General Systems theory - The skeleton off science . This title was translated by J-L Moigne into the general theory of the systems, frames science .

In 1985 in The World ace has Total System , Kenneth Boulding imagined a second model of the Hiérarchie of the systems on 11 levels.

Groundwork (1)

The Groundwork or the Charpente is examples of Structure Statique. On this level, the Anatomie of the system is described with precision.

Clock (2)

The Horloge is an example of Structure Dynamique. The Kinematic , the Dynamic of the fluids and the Astronomie represent this level.

Thermostat (3)

The Thermostat and the Centrifugal governor of Watt are examples of effect return. The transmission of Information emerges on this level. The homeostatism and the Cybernétique represent this level.

Cell (4)

The cell is an example of open Système. On this level, emerges the alive . The self-adapting structure with its Environnement represents this level.

Plant (5)

In the example of the Plant, the system sees appearing the specialization of the functions and the division of the tasks.

Animal (6)

Human (7)

Social organization (8)

System transcendantal (9)

Presentation of Bertalanffy

Ludwig von Bertalanffy took again the model of Boulding and in a new presentation in 1968 in " made; General theory of the systèmes".

Model of Moigne

Passive system (1)

Active system (2)

Controlled system (3)

Informed system (4)

System decides (5)

System memorizes (6)

System coordinates itself (7)

System car-is organized (8)

System autofinalise (9)

See too

External bonds

{{in}} Republication of the original article of Kenneth Boulding.

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