Large-Moravie

The Large-Moravie (in Latin Moravia Magna) was a Slavic kingdom which from 833 until the beginning of the 10th century extended on the territories from current the Czech Republic (Moravie), Slovakia and north-Western Hungary. The first use of the term “Large-Moravie” goes back to the work of Constantin VII Porphyrogénète De Administrando Imperio (written in the neighborhoods of 950). The term “Moravia” returned not only to the area corresponding to current Moravie but also to the territories around the river Morava and/or of its capital (currently unknown) called Morava.

Development

One of the predecessors of Large-Moravie was probably the kingdom of Samo in the neighborhoods of 623 - 658 in Moravie, Slovakia, Low-Austria and probably in Bohemia, and Sorabie on the Elba which was undoubtedly not an instituted kingdom but a confederation of people.

The history of the area between 659 and the end of the 8th century is mainly unknown.

At the end of the 8th century, the Moravian basin and the Slovakia of the West, with the steps of the Empire frankly start to develop. In 791 or 795 the Slavic ones in the North of the Danube shake the yoke avar benefitting from the war between the Francs and Avars; the centralization of the capacity and the creation of a structured state follow joining together Slavic this area.

Two principalities emergent then: that of Moravie centered on Moravie current and the extreme West of Slovakia, controlled by the prince Mojmir I, of which the seat was probably Mikulčice and the principality of Nitrated (remains of Slovakia), controlled by the prince Pribina of Nitrated and whose capital was Nitra.

What the historians since Porphyrogénète call the Largeone is the empire born of the invasion by Mojmir I (833 - 846) of the principality of Nitrated. It passes then has Rastislav (846 - 870), Slavomir (871), Svatopluk (871 - 894) and Mojmir II (894 -?). Rastislav required of the Emperor Byzance to send missionaries to him who can transmit in vernacular language the teaching of the Christ. Two of these interpreters, Cyrille and Méthode are the founders of the alphabet Slavon and, consequently, of the literature slavone (see Alphabet glagolitic).

Territory

Key dates

828 - Pribina, the first prince of Nitra gives its assent for the erection of a Christian church to Nitra, dedication by the Archevêque Adalram of Salzburg. This church was the first Christian church of Slavic West and Is.

833 - the Slavic prince Mojmir I consolidates in the same state the principalities of Moravie and of Nitrated creating what the historians name the Largeone. Pribina, dispossessed of its principality, takes refuge at the Francs. Louis Germanic the grants to him the principality of Balaton.

863 or 864 - On invitation of the prince Rastislav, two Byzantine brothers, the missionaries Constantin and Methodius (Holy Cyrille and Holy Method) arrive into Large-Moravie. The strategy of Rastislav was to counter the franque influence by gaining the imperial recognition Byzantine. Saint Cyrille develops the first alphabet Slavic and translated the Gospels into Slavic Vieux thus marking the birth of the Slavic literature.

871 - Svatopluk defends sovereignty and the independence of Large-Moravie against the attacks of the Francs and becomes the new Master of the empire after having been prince de Nitra. Until its death in 894 the Pape is addressed to him as with its “dilectus filius” in its correspondence, a title reserved hitherto to the emperors Francs or Byzantine.

880 - the Pope Jean VIII publishes the Bulle Industriae Tuae which institutes the ecclesiastical province of Large-Moravie of which Méthode takes the head as an archbishop. He also names the German clerk Wiching bishop of Nitrated and recognizes theSlavic one like liturgical language as well as the Hebrew , the Latin and the Greek .

890 - Svatopluk annexes the Bohemia and part of the Germany to its empire. Apogee of the Empire.

896 - After the death of Svatopluk, its sons Mojmir II and Svatopluk II quarrel for the domination of the empire. The Hungarian tribe of the Magyars takes advantage of the situation and invades the basin of the the Danube. Mojmir II and Svatopluk II probably die in battles against the Magyars between 904 and 907.

907 - the Magyars put the Bavarois diverts some in battles being held around Bratislava. For various reasons, the historians go back to this date the end of the empire Large-Moravian.

After 907 - the destiny of the Moravian principality and the Northern part of the empire is not very clear. The Slovak part is invaded in 925 by the Magyar Lehel (Lél) and passes under the yoke of the Hungarian dynasty of the Arpad in 955.

990 - Exchange of populations with the Byzantine Empire: part of the Sorabes (Serb ) is installed on Morava Southerner in current Serbia, while Valaques of this area settle in Moravie septentrional: it is the " Valachie morave" (west of current the Czech Republic).

List kings of Large-Moravie

820 - 846: Mojmír Ier (prince)
846 - 870: Rastislav (King)
870 - 871: Slavomír (king)
871 - 894: Svatopluk Ier (king)
894 - 906: Mojmír II (king)

Strong cities & places

The localization of Moravia, the capital (probable) of Large-Moravie remains unknown.

In 843, 30 of the 41 fortified towns (civitates) of the empire are located on the territory of Slovakia current.

Only the mentions of the texts which are clearly identifiable today are, in addition to Nitra, Devín (in current Bratislava) in 864, Uzhhorod (Ukraine) in 903, Bratislava in 907 and borough Staré Město /Welegrad (with share of Uherské Hradiště) at the 12th century.

Culture

The Largeone is especially important in what it marks the beginning of the writing, therefore of the history, the literature and the culture Slavic. One will note, inter alia:

863 : first Slavic school (the Academy large-Moravian probably in Devin)
828: first church at Slavic (in Nitra) the
first Slavic writings
first translation in slavon of the Bible
first Slavic code of laws
first Slavic archbishop's palace, etc

The double Byzantine cross brought by Cyrille and Method remained until our days the symbol of Slovakia.

External bonds

Detailed Timeline
Rebuilding of a city of the time of Large-Moravie, close to Modrá, Moravie of the South (only Czech)

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