Lannemezan

• NORTH-SOUTH Axis (Gers/Spain)

By the train

By the plane

• International airport of the Tarbes-Door-Pyrenees (T.L.P.) (40 km): 2 daily return tickets between Tarbes and Paris
• International airport of the Pau-Pyrenees (90 km)
• International airport of Toulouse-Blagnac (130 km)

Climatic data

• " normals " station of Tarbes-Ossun reveals a rather soft and rainy climate. The annual average temperature (12°) is relatively high with a rather low seasonal amplitude, 6° on average the winter and 19° the summer. But let us not forget that the winter the temperature already reached -18° in January 1985 and that it can also exceed 29° in full winter. These blows of strong heats are typical effect Foëhn, due to the relief of the Pyrenees.

• has Tarbes the fogs are rare, the strong winds too. These Tarbaises characteristics of the climate are found on north of the department, but with more fogs in winter, and higher diurnal temperatures and less precipitations in summer. Contrary while approaching the relief the average quantities to precipitations increase. They strongly vary according to the exposure and from the slopes but become abundant near the peaks borders. The zone between plain and mountain has a climate wetter and less sunny than the remainder of the department. In mountain the sun is frequently shining with the top of a sea of clouds and the wind blows more extremely and more often than in plain (breezes, very strong winds of south sometimes).

• the climate of the High Pyrenees is characterized by one rainy and fresh spring, a moderate but stormy summer, an autumn generally quite sunny and pleasant, and a relatively soft winter in the plains.

History

Geological origins

Prehistory with the Roman invasion

These wandering or seminomad men satisfy their needs by exchanges to obtain salt and ores. This trade gives place to a true road along the Pyrenees, which traverse of the merchants. It there with the way of the going salt of the the Mediterranean with L Atlantic but also coming from the mines of the High-Navarre . It there with the way of the iron which is superimposed on it and later that of other ores like in particular copper and lead coming from the Iberian peninsula. All are marked out by necropoles. They inevitably pass by the plate of Lannemezan. It is probable that the moors of the plate remain deserted of any dwelling and are used rather with the pastures as surrounding populations, autochtones or come to settle like in particular the Ibères.

The Roman conquest

The Middle Ages

With the foundation of the village of Lannemezan, it is difficult to define the exact aspect of the places but it is there at least a mound of defense probably including/understanding a tower of guet and an enclosure with ditch since the site has very to be a defensive military position. An enclosure where “seigneuriale must exist also a house”. To populate the place, Géraud I {{er}} of Aure Larboust attracts poblants through privileges which are stated in a charter of frankness dated April 27th, 1274. It is in particular granted a place for the house, barn, is enclosed and a newspaper for the orchard and an arpent for the pre one. It is also stated there the names of the first 14 Lannemezanais.

The expression “lana of (HT) Boc” literally means “the moor of the Goat”. The origin of this expression is not known but could answer the reputation of the places. The plate, opened with all winds and perched high in overhang of Piedmont, an austere place. The temperatures are cold, the many marshes, the vegetation is made ferns, gorses and of thuie, famous the brande where the trees manage to push only with difficulty, the whole on an extent as far as the eye can see. Here is thus an ideal compost to support many legends and to persuade the surrounding populations, already gathered in villages in the less hard conditions, such as for example Avezac, Capvern, Barthe, that the Wizard S and the witches of Gascogne have pleasure to meet in such a place to exert their Sabbath and to accommodate the Diable. A devil which enjoys to appear in the form of Bouc. It is true that God and the Devil entered all the hearths, intermingling with the old pagan beliefs. And if it is of pastoral need to come to make feed the animals on the plate the day, the inhabitants neighborhood were not there to be delayed the night. A fear which will perdurera because if the creation of Lannemezan which means in Gascon “the moor of the medium” ( lana mesan ), changed the denomination of the place where the village was established, certain denominations still persisted until our days like that for example of the “bridge of the brouches” to the bottom of the coast of Pinaouet.

Starting from 1345, Lannemezan changes House. Gaston Fébus de Foix-Béarn, just 14 years old, buys with Géraud II of Aure-Larboust, for the sum of: 1700 books tournaments, the strengthened village of Lannemezan, with the places of Escala, Tuzaguet and Fucked. It is in Fébus that we owe the fastening of the grounds of Lana of (HT) Boc with its Viscount of the Nébouzan.

In 1388, Jehan Froissart, canon originating in the County of Hainaut but especially the largest chronicler of its time, crosses the plate of Lannemezan. He tells this moment: “after dining we rode a horse and left and took the way of Doors and Mauvoisin (Mauvezin) and overlapped among ones moors which last well while going towards Toulouse fifteen miles, and call one these moors Moor-borough (Lana of (HT) Boc) and there have grinds perilous passages for people who seroient advised. in-semi (in the medium) Moor-borough siéd the châtel of Lamesen (Lannemezan) which is to the count de Foix, and a large mile in addition the town of Tournay below Mauvoisin…”

A woman marks also her Lannemezan print. It is Catherine de Navarre, viscountess of Nébouzan by the fact of successions (making in the Pyrenees is not touched by the salic law as for the Royaume of France and the women can thus inherit the titles of their parents). In 1500, it grants to Lannemezan the right to hold a market each Wednesday as well as a fair four times in the year. That affirms the small village in its vocation of center of exchange. This market remains still nowadays. Just 200 years after its creation, Lannemezan already became a small village where landlords and merchants have well-establisheds.

The 16th century

The 17th century

The 18th century

The 19th century

Lannemezan which counts: 1604 hearts, seeks to open out a little more as testifies some, in February 1852, a request of the municipal council to the government. Lannemezanais want that their village becomes Chef-lieu of district in the place of Bagnères because the site is the most central point: “because those of the most distant cantons need three days to suit it and the Bagnères return and to make their deals, which causes considerable expenditure to them”. The village east defines as a crossing point regularly attended by a great number from abroad as as an important crossroads of communications since Lannemezan constitutes a station for several diligences which serve each day the area. Lannemezanais obtain win, but must await until March 1877. The village starts to take form. To the Lannemezan-crossroads of the transportation routes, the Lannemezan-ground of sources is added because the plate is at the origin of the rivers which drain the Gascogne. However, with the formation of the plate, Pyrenean water was diverted towards the east to form the the Garonne and towards the west to form the Adour. The territory of the plate thus did not profit any more of water from mountain but only of the rainwater which comes to feed by streaming of weak rivers. Between 1848 and 1862, the channel is built to bring by a weak slope, the water of the Neste taken with Sarrancolin. Thus, over a length of 28 km, the Canal of Neste serves 17 rivers on the whole of the plate and gives a little more life to Lannemezan in particular through the installation of mills throughout the Baïse.

At the beginning of the Second Empire, with the advent of the railroad, the project of a Bayonne-Toulouse railway is raised by the Prefect and the General advice of the Hautes-Pyrénées. Although it appears interesting to build a railroad along the the Pyrenees, the rise on the plate to connect Montréjeau to Tarbes, represents a considerable difficulty. It is in competition with another way, less direct but less difficult, by the valley of the Adour and the Gers while passing by Auch. In 1856, the prince Napoleon, in spite of the great difficulties announced on the reports/ratios of the railway experts, slices in favor of the layout crossing the Plateau of Lannemezan. The final draft leads in 1863. Moreover, the village is equipped with a station because the vast moors support the creation of a military camp. The Ligne Toulouse-Bayonne is opened with circulation in 1867.

September 16th 1868, Napoleon III comes to visit the camp of instruction where the hussards of Tarbes are exerted regularly. The imperial train is coming in one Wednesday and the market was cancelled. Napoleon III goes to the center of the village and appears with a window of the common House where is held a banquet of forty covers offered by the emperor with on his line, the Maréchal Niel, Minister for the war and founder of the camp of Lannemezan.

Despite everything these developments, the life still seems very difficult in Lannemezan as the Thou teacher to it in his monograph to 1887 testifies. Conditions under which a population knew despite everything perdurer. The teacher describes the plate like uncultivated and sterile, strewn with wood, of coppice, half-compartment of marshes and indicates that “there are no natural curiosities. If one moves away from about thirty meters the line the railroad which circumvents the city, one does not meet any more houses. The ground produces only trees rabougris, fangue and somewhat of grass towards north. There are hardly thirty hectares sown out of cereals… river does not have a considerable water flow. Water is unhealthy because they contain quantities of lime bicarbonate in dissolution. The passage remained opened with the winds which blow of north make a cold area of it. It is a not very salubrious climate because of the marshes, of the altitude of the bad behavior of the streets and the houses. The great outdoors which reign cleanse all there but put at a severely tested the weakened temperaments. According to the last census the population of Lannemezan is of: 1924 inhabitants. This figure tends to increase thanks to the many transportation routes which connect Lannemezan easy with the chief town of the department, Gers and the Haute-Garonne, thanks to the very important fairs and markets in this city. The houses are badly built, paved, for the majority, swines.

Like animals, one raises sheep of small size, oxen and cows of work, some mules and mules, few horses. One keep silent there calves early, in 2 months, three months with more: what made a reputation with calf of Lannemezan. The turkey, the ducks, the geese, the hens form the income of the farmyard. In spite of the situation which seems really privileged Lannemezan does not have industry, less real trade. Hardly some sawmills and mills on the Fall. It is a primarily agricultural population. Manners of the inhabitants are a little wild They go flip-flops as well as fitted. The instruction very restricted and is tasted little in Lannemezan. The bad condition of the buildings explains the abandonment in which one leaves the personnel”. A situation which is being arranged with the construction of the school Paul Bert and the Michelet school.

The 20th century

During the First World War, between 1916 and 1920, settles on the military zone of the Peyrehitte district the hydroelectrochimic factory built by the national Powder mill of Toulouse. This factory becomes in 1921 the Company of the Nitrogenized Products (SPA). This factory, by extending its activities, develops quickly and increases on the surface and labor. It encourages to create at its sides in 1939 another factory to manufacture aluminum, Electrochemistry.

Lannemezan, thanks to its two large factories, is found in full heart of the industrial effervescence of first half of the 20th century. For as much, the population does not increase quickly. It passes from: 2069 inhabitants in 1906 with: 2529 inhabitants in 1936. The men of the plate who provide the great majority of the labor of the factories keep for much their attachment with the ground and have dual employment. But there are also foreigners who come to work. That requires the construction of a camp of work. Quarterings are created near the factories. This working city dormitory, true city in the city, is made houses aligned out of wood and bricks. The activity is there such as are built a refectory, a vault, a school, a bakery, a hospital, a swimming pool and even a prison for the internal problems of this cosmopolitan world of workmen estimated at 570 people in 1943. As for the engineers, they are entitled to villas with some steps of the factories also but on the commune of Barthe-with-Neste. The vast moor lannemezanaise still leaves free field for its installation. It is on 140 hectares of the district of the Half-moon, that the psychiatric hospital settles, of 1936 to 1938. Moreover, before war the construction of a barracks and a city for a unit of mobile guards sees. Be established also an arsenal which is built of 1938 to 1939 on the district of Hitolle, where was a hippodrome with platforms into hard and a track of: 2000 meters. The arsenal is intended for the manufacture and the loading of shell with gas. The Second world war stops Net this assignment. Lannemezan is found mainly concerned by the consequences of this war. The rout involves families coming from the north and the east of France. A population which is added with that of the Spanish refugees who fled the civil war on their premises a few years before. Lannemezan doubles practically its population in the space of a few years and counts: 4800 hearts in 1942. Because of its industrial strong potential and all the infrastructures which are there, the Germans are present on the spot. The factories provide the enemy at a rate of a complete train each day which leaves for the Germany or the occupied Zone. An interior resistance is born in the factories, trained by Jean Puyau for what becomes the Irregular force of release lannemezanais and by the Communists for the movement of Francs gunners in favor of Esparros - Nistos. The engagement of the children of Lannemezan is such as the commune receives the Military Cross in reward of its acts and its sacrifices. It is after this war that Lannemezan reaches its apogee, profiting from the economic advancement of the rebuilding. The center town benefits from an animation ever equalized thanks to the intensity of its markets and its fairs, the importance of its trade (until counting more than 30 coffees). With the factories, the demand for labor is such as the population increases. They are mainly Spaniards, of the Portuguese, Italians, Algerians. The factories will count more: 1200 employees.

With regard to the hospital, he is entrusted to Doctor Ueberschlag. During 20 years, it will exert by applying a modern psychiatry where a particular care is taken to the patients, in particular by their reintegration by work. The hospital thus obtains with the park of leisure and the golf. The ergothérapie and the opening towards the outside world take all their significance and confer on the psychiatric hospital of Lannemezan a national fame. Lannemezan counts then until: 1400 patients, come from all the hexagon. The Arsenal, left a time to the abandonment, is taken again by the army in 1948 to be used as deposit. During the years 1950 and 1960, it does not cease increasing through the construction of many hangars and becomes then a center of storage. In its center, also since 1951, a mobilizing center is: the CM10. As for the barracks of the mobile guards, it becomes that of a republican company of safety, CRS 29 with an contiguous city of the families. Instigated by all these centers of life, the population lannemezanaise inflates to reach: 8673 inhabitants in 1968.

But as from the years 1970, France is involved in an economic austerity which causes a regression of the activities and thus manpower. The factories see their activities declining. The arsenal does not resist the reform of the armies and is closed. The city of the families does not correspond any more to the present needs. Only the psychiatric hospital is able to be renewed by the means of reorganizations. It is transformed into general hospital which obtains with a service of urgencies and a maternity. The hospital of Lannemezan counts today close to: 1200 employees. Only innovation of importance, a penitentiary opens in 1987. It accommodates prisoners men condemned to heavy sorrows and coming from all France. Unrelentingly, the population does not decrease not to be any more but of: 6500 inhabitants on arrival of the second millenium. However, the history shows us that since the origin of this small village which came to be perched on the plate and to make face in the hard conditions to which it is subjected, Lannemezan forever ceased seeking to increase and dissociating themselves, with always in its population a will which cannot have disappeared and which lets believe that all seems possible, especially the best.

Administration

Succession of the mayors of the commune

Beginning of the mandate | First name and name ----

• 1790 Dominique " Mateu" LAGLEIZE
• 1799 Jean Baptist REILHES
• 1804 Raymond BRUZEAU
• 1813 Guillaume " Ambrozy" BARRERE
• 1820 Simon " Chitou" LAGLEIZE
• 1830 Pierre LAGLEIZE
• 1838 Dominique " Camelle" RICAUD
• 1848 Marcel " Clottes" GALAN
• 1848 Dominique " Camelle" RICAUD
• 1852 Paul TAILHADE
• 1864 Jean Marie RICAUD
• 1866 Dominique LAGLEIZE
• 1869 Jean Marie RICAUD
• 1876 Napoleon BOUZIGUES
• 1877 Charles LEPINE
• 1878 Napoleon BOUZIGUES
• 1880 François CUILHE
• 1880 Bernard LAFFORGUE
• 1881 Napoleon BOUZIGUES
• 1884 Alphonse COUGET
• 1891 SOFT François
• 1891 Jean Baptist NOGUES
• 1892 Napoleon BOUZIGUES
• 1895 Jean François CAZES
• 1900 Alphonse COUGET
• 1905 Jean François TAJAN
• 1907 Alphonse COUGET
• 1912 Julien TASTE
• 1919 Alphonse COUGET
• 1925 Marcellin MAUMUS
• 1925 Jean Eugene DUCASSE
• 1929 Paul BARATGIN
• 1939 Marcellin MAUMUS
• 1939 Paul BARATGIN
• 1966 François SARRAT
• 1977 Pierre BLEULER ........... UDF
• 2001 Bernard PLANO ............ PS

Districts of the city

• Tired Moulias . In north, the district of the mills (or mow moulias) around the city of the banns, college, is in full change thanks to the construction of nouveux allotments and of a medico-social center
• the center town, built around the church and town hall Saint Jean Baptiste, is the historical heart of the city and was renovated since ten years. Thus, the new Place of the Human rights and the Citizen where seat the Tourist bureau and which faces the recent kiosk is a high place of animations and manifestations of the city. The street Thiers, central street, are most commercial of the commune and present the entry of the commercial arcade Paul Bert, where the room of the Revival of the Plate is located. In the same way, the place of the Post office, recently renovated, allows a pleasant rest thanks to its two fountains and floral solid masses.
• Bourtoulets , around the boulevard of the Limes and close to station S.N.C.F., is located in height compared to the center town, and is spread around a broad pleasant boulevard for the walks.
• Guerissa , the district most recent, is located in edge of the wood of the plantade and the channel of Neste. It is largely made up of houses bordering of many green areas ensuring calm their inhabitants.
• the Half-moon , with the variation of the city, is built around the large Recreation park of the Half-moon, bordering the channel of Neste, the Golf and the hospital complex of Lannemezan

Education

• Nursery schools and primary educations :

• College Gaston Fébus - Street of the school residence. It profits from a boarding school and proposes an mainstream education and Segpa

• College of Michelet mainstream education (sections S, ES and L) - Street of the stage. The college has a boarding school and sections sports specialized: Snowboard and Ski

Intercommunality

• Lannemezan: 6.446 inhabitants (76%)
• Fucked: 458 inhabitants (5%)
• Clarens: 521 inhabitants (6%)
• Campistrous: 350 inhabitants (4%)
• Lagrange: 220 inhabitants (3%)
• Arné: 187 inhabitants (2%)
• Réjaumont: 177 inhabitants (2%)
• Tajan: 151 inhabitants (2%)

Demography

Lannemezan is the fifth city (of many inhabitants) of the Hautes-Pyrénées, behind Tarbes, Lourdes, Bagnères-of-Bigorre and Aureilhan.

Places and monuments

In the city

• Church Saint-Jean-Baptist - Street of Metz.

• Vault of Bourtoulets - Boulevard of the Limes

• Recreation park of the Half-moon - 644, route de Toulouse

• Wood of Plantade - Street of Resistant the

• Golf 18 holes - 250 rue du Dr Henri Ueberschalag

• Hippodrome

• industrial Park of Peyrehitte Street of Peyrehitte

• Central pénitentière of Lannemezan Street of Saligues

• Hospital equipped with a center with long stay, a maternity and a psychiatric hospital, it is one of the largest employers of the department.

• Center of alcoology

In the neighborhoods

• Pit of Esparros

• Caves of Labastide

• Baronnies

• Valley of Aure

• Valley of Louron

• Castle of Mauvezin

• Abbey of Escaladieu

• basic and alpine Ski stations

• Holy Bertrand de Comminges

1. Notre-Dame Cathedral of Saint-Bertrand-of-Comminges
2. Vestiges of the ancient city of Lugdunum Convenarum
3. the basilica paléochrétienne located in the low city
4. Bridaut House dating from the 15th century, which nowadays shelters the post office.
5. barns of the low city

• Caves of Gargas

Culture and demonstrations

Lannemezan is the seat many demonstrations and events throughout the year:

Festivals of the Jean Saint

The festivals of the Jean Saint, proceeding at the end of June during 6 days (Friday to Wednesday) attract each year many people, and allow the animation of the whole city, thanks to the many demonstrations suggested. Fireworks, many concerts in all the corners of the city, animations disco music or haversack according to the evening, many horse-gears for the children or with strong feelings for largest, animations suggested by various associations, such as the horse-races or the demonstration of the firemen of the plate. This annual festival is launched thanks to the famous fire of the Jean Saint, who proceeds in a different district each year.

Markets

• the weekly market is held every Wednesday morning until at the beginning of afternoon and attract many merchants sometimes by far coming to come has Lannemezan. This market this locates in the street of the center town, around the church and of the place of the castle, like in the markets with vegetables and of Nébouzan.

• During the summer, of the markets of night is organized by the city. Those Ci allow the tourists and inhabitants to discover the local arts and crafts and the many gastronomical specialities typical of the area.

The annual festival of theater

Created in 2003 by the Town hall, the inter-Pyrenean Meetings of theater constitute the key period of the cultural year Lannemezanaise. Profiting from the prestigious sponsorship of Marcel Maréchal, the Founder of the Trestles of France, the purpose of they are all at the same time to enrich the offer of theater suggested all the year in Lannemezanais, to encourage local and regional creation and to take part in the estival animation of the Commune. Initially programmed in July, these meetings, since 2006, are organized in September in order to better associate the school ones and lannemezanais them of return from holidays.

Fleurissement of the city

Floral festivals, in May. Those make it possible to encourage fleurissement owners, in parallel of that of the municipality. Indeed, Lannemezan is put at the green the Town hall made fleurissement public spaces one of its priorities, concretized by the increase continues of the number of seedlings bought (32 000 in 2006 compared with 14.000 in 2001) and the installation of a municipal greenhouse on the site of the engineering services. The results were not made wait as the regular classification of Lannemezan attests some among the most flowered cities of the department. Each year, the Service of the green areas (9 agents) competes of imagination for végétaliser of new spaces and to renew massive and garden. A contest, organized by the Tourist office, associates the inhabitants with this effort.

Other demonstrations

• the festival of the humor, organized by the company Zigzag

• Of many fairs and secondhand trades are organized throughout the year, as well as concerts of outdoor or in room, such as the arrival of Abd Al Malik in 2007 or of the plays or the concerts of the municipal Harmony of Lannemezan, recognized nationally.

Personalities related to the commune

• Paul-Henri of the Street: Snowboard French er - Bronze medal with the Olympic Games of Turin (2006);

• Felix Lacrampe: player of Rugby to XV;
• Philippe Red-Thomas: player of Rugby to XV.

Sports

Sports equipment

• Stage François Sarrat (street of the Stage): stage dedicated to the practice of Rugby and reception point of the C.A.L., the flag team of the plate. It consists of:

• Stage of Bourtoulets (Boulevard of the Limes): stage dedicated to the practice of the football and consisted of a large platform.

• Riding school of the plate

• Hippodrome

• Golf of Lannemezan : course of 18 holes in the middle of the forest of Fucked Lannemezan, in edge of the channel of Neste and the Fall

• Public swimming pool , 25 meters length basin, progressive depth of 0,80m with 2,00m

• Gymnasium , for the practice of the handball

• Space of Nébouzan , for the Basketball and very soon realization of Street Park

• District of Pre Lagleyze , where the Aqua-Dance, the Judo and the Aikido

The sport in the city

• Rugby : C.A.L Friendly Circle Lannemezanais: Championship of France of 1 {{Re}} federal division.

Prize list :

1. Champion of France from Federal 3 2004.
2. Finalist Championship of France of 2° division 1961
3. Several participations in the final stages of 1° National division: 1/8 in 1962 beaten by Dax, 1/16 in 1963 beaten by Grenoble, 1/16 in 1964 beaten by Mount of Marsan, 1/16 in 1966 beaten by the TOEC, 1/16 in 1968 beaten by Béziers (tie 0 to 0, but Lannemezan is eliminated because of its average age), 1/16 in 1970 beaten by Béziers.
4. 1/2 finalist of the Group B (federal 1) in 1998; the CAL goes up in Elite 2 (Pro D2)
5. Large Double champion Southern Juniors has

These last years :

1. Season 2003-2004 : Championship from Federal 3: Lannemezan Champion of France (victory against Isle over Sorgue) - Assembled into Federal 2
2. Season 2004-2005 : Championship from Federal 2: Assembled into Federal 1
3. Season 2005-2006 : Championship from Federal 1: 5° of their hen after the regular season - Finalist of Play-Down de Fédérale 1 (defeat against Millau)
4. Season 2006-2007 : Championship from Federal 1: 4° of their hen after the regular season - 2° of their hen of Play-Off - Preliminary round: victory against Massy - 1/4 of finale of Play-off: defeat against Périgueux (21-21; 12-13)
5. Season 2007-2008 : Championship from Federal 1. Lannemezan is found in hen of: Colomiers, Langon, Orthez, Fleurance, Ribérac, Oloron co. Marie and Mauléon.

• Football : L.F.C. Lannemezan Football Club

• Tennis shoe ball : L.B.C. Lannemezan Tennis shoe Club
• Handball : fusion of the teams of Lannemezan and Loures Barousse
• Judo : Judojo Lannemezan
• Aikido : Dojo of the plate
• Cycling : Lannemezan town of departure of the Tour de France 1999, Tour de France 2002, Tour de France 2004 and soon of the Tour de France 2008

Twinnings