Languages of Vietnam

The Vietnam is not an mono-ethnic state, it comprises 74 Ethnie S speaking 54 Langue S. Among those, one can distinguish 3 groups belonging the austroasiatic languages, to sino-Tibetans and austronésiennes.

Languages Austroasiatiques

Vietnamese

The Vietnamese or Viêt 'is the language of the ethnic majority of the country and relates to approximately 70% of the population.

It is subdivided in three dialects: south, Center and North. These dialects are characterized by variations from vocabulary and a pronunciation different from the letters and Digramme S D , gi , R , v , X , S :

  • North being characterized by a greater number of consonants dental consonants, the south by their quasi absence,
  • North takes into account 6 tons, South 5 (with confusion of the hỏi and the ngã ), and Center 2.

However, in practice, each person seems to it adopt the pronunciation which it likes, does not matter the area. These differences do not pose any problem of comprehension, the limit between two pronunciations being sometimes unperceivable.

Following the adoption of the word ' to indicate all the populaton of Vietnam, the word Kinh is used to indicate the ethnic majority and its language, in reference to the word “kinh đô” meaning the “capital” or the “big city”. This concept is frequently translated by “urban majority”.

Mường

Second indigenous group of number, it is supposed to be an old form of the kính and meets in the mountainous regions of north Vietnam . It is sometimes amalgamated with the kính , some regarding it as a late dialect intended to disappear. However, it preserves part of flexional grammar which makes suspect an evolution of the Vietnamese comparable (although more advanced and old) with the evolution of the English since a Germanic substrate , with progressive disappearance of the agreements and variation S to arrive at their complete absence in Vietnamese.

Languages Sino-Tibetans

Languages Austronésiennes

Cham

Cham belongs to the group Malayo-polynésien of the family of the languages austronésiennes. He is spoken by approximately 100.000 people in Vietnam (estimate of 1992).

Languages of Chru, Jarai, Haroi, Raglai and Rhade, which belongs to the populations indicated under the name of " Mountain " , are related in Cham.

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