Lanfranc

Lanfranc , also called Lanfranc of the Nozzle , Lanfranc of Canterbury or Lanfranc of Pavia , born about 1010 in the area from Pavia (Italy) and died the May 24th 1089 in Canterbury (England), theologist and reformer of the Church of England.

Biography

After studies with Pavia, in particular of canonical Right, it leaves its fatherland for France. In 1039, he becomes professor with Avranches and about 1042, he enters to the abbey of the Nozzle, in Normandy, founded in 1034 by Herluin which names later it prior three. He then founds the abbey school, which acquire a reputation quickly and attract pupils like Yves of Chartres, the future pope Alexandre II and Anselme of Canterbury. In parallel, it is devoted to the Exégèse and the edition of the texts of the Pères of the Church. It composes of the comments on Psautier, the Cité of God of Augustin d' Hippone and the Morales of Job of Gregoire Large the.

In 1049, Lanfranc also takes share with the eucharistic controversy : he is opposed to Béranger Turns, which supports that the presence of Christ is purely symbolic system. Itself is in favor of what will become the doctrines of the Transsubstantiation: it is one of the first to be resorted to the categories aristotelicians to distinguish the appearance ( species ) from the bread and the wine of their gasoline or substance , which according to him is changed at the time of the dedication. In 1050, it attends the Concile of Rome and makes condemn Béranger. It is also present at the councils of Vercelli (the same year) and of Turns (in 1055), where it continues to cross iron with Béranger. In 1059, the “presence real” is adopted by the Catholic church at the time of an other council held in Rome. Béranger is again condemned and must read a retractation. Towards 1063, Lanfranc writes the corpore and blood Domini in answer to the Scripta countered synodum of Béranger, retractation of its retractation of Rome.

In 1063, Lanfranc selected like abbot of Saint-Etienne of Caen, is lately created on the initiative of William the Conqueror, which intends to make Caen the center of the capacity in Normandy. After its crowning in 1066, this one undertakes the reform of the Church of England. In 1070, Guillaume makes deposit the archbishop of Canterbury, Stigand, by the council of Winchester, under the traditional pretext of Simonie. This last is replaced by Lanfranc, which receives the Pallium into 1071 with the hands of its former student, Alexandre II. Its episcopate is marked by the compromise in the power struggle between princes and papacy like by the competition of the archbishop's palace of York, which also claims with the primatie.

In 1075, it renders to the Conqueror his greater political service. It reveals a conspiracy to him formed by Raoul Ier de Gaël, the Count de Norfolk, and Roger de Breteuil, Count d' Hereford. Waltheof, Count de Huntingdon, Northampton and Northumbrie which had made oath of silence, had confessed to him. Lanfranc pressed Roger de Breteuil to make allegiance again, and finally excommunicated it him and its accomplices. He warns then Guillaume, who was in Normandy.

He interceded for the life of Waltheof, which was probably innocent, not wanting that he is carried out for the fault of the others, but he failed to convince Guillaume.

See too

Anselme of Canterbury;
Béranger de Tours.

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