Lampblack

. The lampblack is a carbonaceous residue obtained by the incomplete combustion of various organic matters rich in carbon. It can be used as pigment for paintings, ink or waxing. It is sometimes called lampblack .

A work of Chimie of 1906 gives the following definition of it: “One calls, lampblack the coal particles which the flames hold in suspension and to which they owe them lighting power. This coal settles out of very fine powder, on the lamp glasses, smoke absorbers, etc, which it blackens; it forms the Suie chimneys. It is obtained it all the times that the combustible substances rich in carbon, such as oils, the resins, the gasolines burn incompletely. Let us crush with a saucer or a strong paper the flame of a Bougie, it is formed an abundant lampblack deposit. ”.

Manufacture at the XIXe century

One finds the description of two methods of manufacture in the works of chemistry.

The first most frequently described consists in burning resins or tar in a pot heated by the lower part. Smoke obtained passes in a room whose walls are covered with fabrics. A conical scraper of form makes it possible to make fall the lampblack on the ground.

Girardin describes a second method based on the same principle of condensation of smoke. To the difference of the first method, smoke passes in a succession of rooms: “It consists of series of rooms in bricks arched and communicating by side openings to the one their ends is a chimney leant with a furnace which determines a pulling and consequently a call in all the rooms and until in the furnace which feeds them. This furnace is composed of more or less large a cast iron capsule, placed under a vault. The capsule communicates with the first room by a sheet pipe… One obtains the black gradually more beautiful and more end in the rooms which move away more and more from the furnace to combustion. ” .

The product obtained contains tar what makes it unsuitable to certain uses. To get rid of these matters, the lampblack must be calcined safe from the Air: “for certain application such as for example, the composition of lithographic ink, one is obliged to deprive it of its oily, resinous parts or saltworks (ammonia carbonate), and, for that, one subjects it to strong calcination in small sheet cylinders. The black then crushed with water or oil, gives an very-intense color and of good quality. ” .

Use as dye

It is used like Pigment. The dictionary of industrial chemistry in 1862, indicates that there exist three raw materials to obtain a black dye: the Charcoal, the animal black and lampblack. List to which we would add today, them dyes of synthesis.

It is used in particular for the manufacture of the Indian ink. It is also an ingredient for coloring in black of various inks, waxings, paintings, pencils. Its use for manufacture of the pencils follows the method invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté. The lampblack is mixed with clay (2/3 of the weight).

This pigment can bear other names *:

*le lampblack: “one prepares it by burning oils, in quinquets with simple nozzles, which one places in lower part of a metal plate…” .
*le black of candle: “… when one replaces oils by candles stearic. ”
*Le black of Russia: “… black which comes from combustion, under tents, shavings resinous…” .

By extension, one finds in the works which describe the lampblack, the black of coal . It seems that this product “employed especially for the navy… for all the tarrings which do not require a fine color. ” is the Goudron obtained by distillation (sometimes called coking or carbonization) of the Houille for the manufacture for example of the coke. The principle of its manufacture is besides close to the manufacture of the lampblack. It is obtained by condensing gases obtained by subjecting the coal to the action of heat in isolation.

It has been used for several centuries at least to color glasses to observe the sun (at the time of the eclipses for example) by avoiding the burns of the eye. It could be Cancérigène and/or Mutagène.

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