Ladin

The ladin ( ladino in Italian, ladin in ladin) is a Romance Langue group Rhéto-roman (thus near to the Romanche and Frioulan); she is spoken as a native tongue by approximately 30.000 speakers in the North-East about the Italy (area of the Dolomites, essentially in the the Friuli, the Trentin-Haut-Adige and in Venezia). It is thus one of the rarest languages of Europe, beside the Féringien and of the Lapon. It should not be confused with the ladino of the Spanish Jews.

Ladins belong to the linguistic minorities recognized by the European Union and should thus enjoy the provisions of protection of the linguisitic minorities, in particular those envisaged by the charter of 1991, particularly with regard to its employment in the schools, the administrations, justice, the media. Concerning the ladin, however, these provisions remain very formal and are hardly treated seriously by the Italian State.

Field

The linguistic field of the ladin is shared between three administrative areas, and its insulation is reinforced by that of the valleys the ones compared to the others. That was even truer for the fascistic period starting from 1927. The dialects are spoken:

Statute

The ladin is recognized in some communes of which it is the usual language for the administration and the school. Among them: Wolkenstein ( Sëlva ), Abtei ( Badia ), Kurfar ( Corvara ), Sankt Ulrich ( Urtijëi ), Enneberg ( Maréo ), Canazei ( Cianacei ), Vigo di Fassa ( Vich ) and Pozza di Fassa, which all are in the area Trentin-Haut-Adige. Until now, this right of the minorities ladinophones is not recognized in Venezia.

History

The ladin is a remainder of the Romance language which was formerly spoken in a way more extended much in this alpine area. One is not agreement on the fact that this Rhaeto-Romanic language was unified, or not: it is the Questione Ladina. Since the 6th century, the Bavarian ones arrived of north and penetrated deeply in the Rhaeto-Romanic linguistic field, where them language replaced the former speech. It is only in the most moved back valleys and isolated that the ladin could be maintained. With the Italian unification, all the territories or were spoken the dialects ladins passed gradually from the Austrian authority to that of Italy. The Italian nationalist movement of the 19th century and the 20th century always considered the dialects ladins commes of the Italian dialects, which refutes the etnic minority (Ladins) which speaks them and which defends its identity obstinately. It is only when the administrative autonomy of the southernmost Tyrol was recognized that the ladinophones saw their rights recognized as a cultural minority.

In 1988, the cultural institutes ladins “Micurá of Ru” and “Majon di Fascegn” instructed the professor inhabitant of Zurich Heinrich Schmidt to work out a common written language to them. It is only in 1998 that finally the directive longemps appeared awaited concerning the creation of a written language common to the ladin of Dolomites.

Various dialects

The ladin includes/understands five today Dialecte S distinct:
  • Maréo/Badiot (Enneberg/Abtei)
  • Gherdëina (Grödner)
  • Fascian (Fassan)
  • Anpezan (Ampezzo)
  • Fodom (Buchenstein)

Examples

Here how one says, in the various dialects, the beginning of the Christian prayer of the “Our Father”, like in Italian and French:

Maréo/Badiot
Nosc Father DLL lash,
Al sides santifiché to inom,
Al vëgnes to rëgn,
orentè sides fata,
killed sciöche Al lash insciö söla will tera.

Gherdëina
Father nost, che you ies in sky,
L sibe santificà Ti inuem,
L vënie Ti rëni,
sibe fata Ti ulentà,
notch in sky enscì will tiera some.

Fascian
Father nosc che be to you sun sky,
conceited sy feels to inom,
F che vegne to regn,
to steal sy semper respetà,
such an amount of sun sky che known will tera it.

Fodom
Father nòst che be to you sun paradíš,
breadth L tuo inóm,
benedât remained idiot our,
che sará conceited Ci che you vòs
sun sky E known will tièra it.

Anpezan
Avoid nosc, che you stas known in zielo,
sée fato santo el to gnon,
comes el to regno,
sée fato chel che you your you,
tanto in zielo che known ruffle will tera.

Italian
Nostro Padre che sei ne' cieli,
santificato sia it names tuo,
venga it regno tuo,
sia fatta the volontà tua
COM in cielo, così in will terra.

French
Our Father which are with the skies,
That your name is sanctified,
that your reign comes,
that your will is faite
on the ground as with the sky.

Valader (one of the dialects romanches)
Bap our, you chi is in tschel,
conceited person sonch vegna teis name,
teis reginam vegna nanpro,
tia vöglia dvainta sco
in tschel to eir sun will terra.

See too

Known personalities speaking the ladin

External bonds

  • http://www.noeles.net - News concerning the language ladine in “ Standard Ladin - Ladin Dolomitan ” - the standard written language.
----

Random links:Guisy | Blade Runner (novels) | Hans-Ulrich Wehler | Kathrine Baumann | Alexey Chervonenkis | Alete