La trampa del padre (pelÃcula 1961)

Description

The Fields-Élysées are located in the 8 {{E}} district of Paris, in the North-West of the city. They start with the Place of the Harmony, where draws up the Obélisque, and extend on 1910 m, of is in west, on flat ground in first half, then in rise until the Place Charles-of-Gaulle (old place of the Star , at the top of the hillock of Chaillot), in the center of which the Triumphal arch of the Star is. Its width is of 70 meters on nearly 2 kilometers.

Its rectilinear layout offers a long prospect born for the Palais of the Louvre, in which aligns the equestrian Statue of Louis XIV in the Napoleon court of the Louvre, the Triumphal arch of the Carousel, the Jardin of Tileries, the Obélisque, the Triumphal arch, and further in the west, in-outside Paris, the Arche of Defense. It is about the historical Axe of the Parisian west.

It is one of the principal tourist places of Paris. In its lower part, the avenue is bordered of green areas (Marigny public garden) and of some constructions (Théâtre Marigny, Petit Palais, Large palace and its Palais of Discovered the), Elys3ee palace. In his upper part, one finds many shops of Luxe, places of spectacle (of the Cinéma S, in particular UGC Normandy, George-V and Triomphe; the Lido; the Theater of the Fields-Élysées), famous coffees and restaurants (Fouquet' S)…

History

At the 17th century, the Fields-Élysées were only one long walk raised in the middle of a not urbanized zone, since Ours, the Paysagiste of the Château of Versailles, makes plant in 1640 an alignment of trees in the continuity of the Louvre and the Tuileries.
Its current layout (until one then called the star of Chaillot) is completed in 1724, and prolonged the prospect for the Jardin of Tileries. One half-century later, it is prolonged in the west to the Seine by the current avenues of the Large army in Paris and Charles-of-Gaulle with Neuilly-sur-Seine, but little time after, the wall of the Farmers general the limit again with Star. Starting from 1828, the avenue is arranged by the town of Paris which builds the first Trottoir S.

In 1838 the Fields-Élysées are arranged by the architect Jacques Hittorff (including the drawing of the reverberators always in place) (the gardens are arranged, thereafter, by Jean-Charles Alphand under Napoleon III)

The Fields-Élysées profited from an expensive refitting (250 franc million) but necessary in 1994, with the intervention of Bernard Huet (town planner ), Jean-Michel Wilmotte and Norman Foster (urban Design ers of Movable). That was translated, inter alia, by the removal of the side-walks.

The avenue inspired the creation of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway with Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) in 1917 and Paseo of Reforma to Mexico City (Mexico) in 1860.

Economy

Until in the Years 1950, the avenue included/understood primarily smart shops. Then gradually, these last left room to head offices of groups in search of prestige. The arrival of the RER has modifies gives it: many Parisian and Franciliens of all conditions which can reach easily the Fields-Élysées, the shops of more popular signs then will multiply. The restoration launched in 1994 by the mayor of Paris of the time, Jacques Chirac, will give to the avenue a new brand image. But it remains the reflection of the co-education of the population which attends it with a distinction between the two pavements. The northern pavement - even side - is the sunny side but also that which knows the strongest frequentation partly owing to the fact that it is located in the prolongation of exit the RER. The commercial shops and galleries are more numerous there. 500 000 people in week, 750 with 850 000 the weekend for 30 with 40 % less on the other with dimensions of the street, with dimensions odd. The opening of the majority of the stores until midnight and Sunday also take part in the business success of the avenue.

The avenue was a long time the address impossible to circumvent of the marks of luxury. So some had tended to desert in the Années 1970, the majority returned. The airline companies they have almost all disappeared but the majority of the automobile marks have a space of exposure to with it often coupled to a bar or a restaurant. The restaurants and the cinemas contribute besides strongly to the frequentation of the avenue. The cinemas, 29 rooms, of which the essence of the programming is in original version, there organize first. For much of signs, an installation on the Fields, even if it is very expensive, is of double interest: the publicity by the site, but also of strong sales from the tourist frequentation. The tradesmen of the avenue are gathered in an association, the Committee of the Fields-Élysées, created in 1860 under the name of and defense Tourist office of the Fields-Élysées, which took its current name in 1980. This association aims to maintain an image prestigious of the avenue. For that purpose, the committee intervenes with the local authorities to obtain measurements supporting the embellishment of the places (lighting, decorations, etc) and the marketing activity (schedules of opening of the stores, which by way of derogation are much wider than elsewhere in Paris and in France). Moreover, this committee has an advisory role on the requests for installation of companies or trade in the avenue. The newcomers must thus be co-opted by the committee, which decides if their installation will preserve the prestige of the avenue. But the committee cannot prevent certain signs from settling, as it was the case for the chains of fast-food industry to which it was firmly opposite. The president of the committee is currently Mr. Jean Deleplanque and his vice-president Mr. Gutten elected by the office of the committee.

Prestigious and luxurious, but also popular, the avenue of the Fields-Élysées is thus very expensive. The prices of the real estate are there such as only a handle of people still reside there, the upper floors of the buildings of the avenue being generally occupied by offices. One can however note that the prices are not uniform. For example the northern side (right pavement while going up) more expensive because is exposed better to the sun and more attended than the southern part, where the windows are in the shade of the buildings. But the years the 2000 prices tend to approach, the southern part having been chosen by marks such as Lancel, Lacoste, Hugo Boss, Louis Vuitton, Nike, Ladurée and the Parisian Palace Fouquet' S Barrière.

The avenue of the Fields-Élysées being one of the most expensive sites of the world, the high amount of the rents harms commercial diversity; stores of textile, and those known as of luxury, belong to the rare trade to be able to absorb them. According to a study ordered by the Town of Paris, 39% of the 332 stores of the avenue are reserved for the textile. This figure includes the trade of the commercial arcades, without which it approaches 20%. “It is a maximum, according to the assistant of the mayor Lyne Cohen-Solal. Beyond, there is no more commercial diversity”.

The behavior of the landowners of the famous avenue could thus harm the attraction of the avenue on the visitors, and irony of fate, weaken their medium-term investments. But to date, only of the political measurements incited by the associative militancy seems to be able, short-term, to save the single diversity of the Fields-Élysées which is one of its major attractions.

In the same way, there remain nothing any more but 7 cinemas (40 screens) at the end of 2006 compared with 13 in 1985 before the announced closing of the UGC Triomphe, which is a public success, but are overdrawn because of the pressure of the rents. Other cultural activities could be threatened.

Remarkable buildings and places of memory

n° 152 : In this building, M {{me}} of Loynes held at the beginning of the 20th century an influential literary living room and policy whose critic Jules Lemaitre was the great man.

Events

The Fields-Élysées are the theater of the French historical great events: procession of the Release in 1944 or gathering of Parisian to celebrate the victory at the time of the Football world cup in 1998.

Each year, at the time of the French national Festival the July 14th, the principal military of France, terrestrial and air procession, takes place with the Fields-Élysées. The troops of the 3 weapons, Army, National marine and Air force of the gendarmerie, the police force and the Pompiers of Paris descend the avenue and pass in front of the president of the Republic, the government and the foreign ambassadors gathered on an assembled official platform Place of the Harmony, vis-a-vis the avenue.

The Fields-Élysées are also the traditional place of arrival of the last stage of the Tour de France (Étape of the Tour de France of the Fields-Élysées).

Each year, of at the end of November to the end of December, the committee of the Fields-Élysées offers the illuminations of the avenue. The kickoff being given by a celebrity, such Alain Delon, Catherine Deneuve, Johnny Halliday or Florent Pagny for example in 2006. Each year, at the evening of the December 31st, the Fields-Élysées become accessible to the pedestrians to celebrate the New Year's Day.