The Kroumirie , or Khroumirie , is a mountainous region of the the Maghreb. It holds its name of Kroumirs (people which lived there traditionally). Covered with Forest S extensive of cork oak, it extends to the south from the Mediterranean and to north from the valley from the Medjerda and the west from the Algérie to the Djebel Abiod in Tunisia.

It is one of the wettest areas of North Africa with a Pluviométrie of 1000 to 1500 millimetres per annum.

Ethnology

Kroumirs are a confederation of tribes divided into principal fractions. Thus, one can distinguish three principal tribes:

Kroumirs “maritime”, whose territory is spread out in the valley of the wadi El Kebir (“large Arab river” in ) to the sea, are divided into fractions:

  • Houamdia (under-fractions Rjaïbia, Ghraïbia and Slaïmia)

  • Ouled Amor (under-fractions Braïkia, Mellouli and Rouaissia) alive in the Errmel zone to the Algerian border
  • Ouled Cedra
  • Ouled Said (under-fraction Ouled Saad)

It is not excluded that, among the members of the fraction Ouled Amor, more specifically at Braïkia, remain of the human types close to the Italiques. Probably, it is about a heritage of the colony génoise of the island of Tabarque (Tabarka). During the dismantling of the counter, certain elements (especially of the women) would have been assimilated by this under-fraction, the only one to have a culture of the fishing.

Kroumirs the “heights”, whose territory extends in the valley from Sidi Mohammed (Ain Draham, Babouch and Ben Métir) are divided into fractions:

  • Sloul and Ouled Hellal joined together around the Mzara (place of worship animisto-maraboutic) of Sidi Abdallah Ben Jamal

  • Ouled Hajjej, Atatfa, Arfawiya, Debabsa (Ezzène Wadi) and Tebaïnia (Ain Draham)
  • Musa Ouled (Babouch)
  • Zeghaydiya and Ouled Ben Sayyid (Renaka Wadi)
  • Slelma, Hamran (or Homaran) and Gouaidia

Kroumirs “maraboutic” were found around the giant Chêne-liège (disappeared today) called Fernane from which the town of Fernana developed. These Kroumirs, known as of the “hard core”, are surrounded of the other very close tribes by manners and habit S which was grafted with them. During the French invasion of spring 1881, they turned to the most turbulent tribe most warlike and (Kroumirs “maritime”), which finally led to the Confédération. Other tribes revolving around Kroumirs are structured geographically in the following way:

  • Western

    of Kroumirie: Ouled Sidra, Mazoulah (Algeria) and Ouled Ali (Algeria)

  • Is of Kroumirie: Meknas, Ouchtatas and Nefzas
    • Southern
  • of Kroumirie: Amdouns and Chiahia (only the latter kept a strong distinct identity but in the process of dissolution)

To note, the existence with Tabarka even, of populations of origin Turkish kabyle (Zouaoui) and (Bouchnak) related to the military role of the fort of Tabarka.

Today, it is necessary to relativize the pregnancy of the tribal or clannish memberships, in particular since the Années 1980. If the feeling of solidarity still plays between the close clans, this one tends to disappear, in particular because of the arrival of external populations, either of another zone of Kroumirie, or moreover in Tunisia.

From an ethnic point of view, Kroumirs are close to the Algerians of the North-East, even of Kabyles: face more lengthened (square or round at the Tunisians of the east or the south), prominent chin, eyes folded with attached with considerable proportion of blue or green coloring, generally white skin, high stature and existence of the types to hair russet-red, even fair, especially in the heights.

Tourism

The organizations of development of Tunisia make the promotion of tourism of Randonnée because of its richness biological Botanique and as well as Thermalisme. In Tunisia, it is necessary to quote the towns of Sejenane, Ain Draham or Beni Me Shooting.

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