Kremenets
Kremenets (Ukrainian Кременець in , Krzemeniec in Polish, Kremnitz in Yiddish), is a city of the west of the Ukraine, in the district of Ternopil, the area of Volhynie. Population: 22,000 inhabitants. A fortress existed there during the domination of the Rous' of Kiev.
The first documentary mention goes back to 1064. In XIIe century. the city belonged to the principality of Galicie - Volin (Halitch-Volodimir). In 1226, it was the theater of a battle during which the duke of Galicie Danilo overcame the king of Hungary André II. A little later the Mongols Batou Khan did not succeed in conquering it. In 1431 the city accepted from the Lithuanian duke Svidrigailo " rights of Magdebourg" who ratified a form of autonomy. The presence of the Jews in the locality is certified in 1536. This same year, the king Sigismond I of Poland makes build for his second wife Bona Sforza of Aragon a castle on a hill which will take the name of 'the hill of Bona" . In 1648 the strengthened castle was the object of the attack of the insurgent Ukrainian cossacks directed by Maksim Krivonos, which devastated it after a 6 week old seat. Many Jews and Pole of the locality was then massacred.
After 1795 the city was integrated into the Russian Empire. It became an important center of Polish culture with the foundation by Tadeusz Czacki of a prestigious college. For this reason it was even called " Athens de Volhynie ".
Poland, become again independent, recovered it of 1921 until 1939, when it was annexed to the Republic of Ukraine, then share of the USSR.
Between 1941 and 1944 it will undergo the German conquest, under which almost all its Jewish inhabitants (15,000 including refugees) were killed. After 1945 it was again integrated into the Republic of Ukraine.
The locality is an important place of pilgrimage of the Ukrainian orthodoxe Christians because of the monastery Pochayiv Lavra located 18 away km.
It is also the fatherland of one of the large romantic poets of Poland, Juliusz Slowacki (1809-1849). Others wire of the city are the violonist Isaac Stern, (1920 - 2001), the mathematician Mark Kac, the Hebrew writer illuminist Itzhak Ber Levinson, the Ukrainian type-setter Mihailo Verikivski and the Canadian writer of Ukrainian expression Ulas Samchuk.
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