Knockout

See also: KB

The knock out ( KB , of English to knock out , to make leave while striking) is the term meaning, in the sports of combat, the setting out of combat of combatant following blow carried by its adversary and making him lose its capacities temporarily (the person known as “is sounded”). That can be a temporary loss of conscience, but can simply rise from the pain and tiredness.

The combat is then stopped by the referee because the person finds herself in a state or il/elle is unable to take again the combat and is completely unable to defend oneself. In English boxing for example, the KB is pronounced by the referee when one of the boxers remains with ground after an unfavourable blow more than 10 seconds. It is one of the conditions of possible victory, one speaks then about “victory by K.O. ”.

The technical KB is decided by the referee when one of the adversaries is wounded and is unable to continue the combat or when it decides to give up the combat for an unspecified reason.

The knock down is the term used when a practitioner is put at ground by a blow but is raised in the 10 seconds (in the rules of the Boxe or the Boxes foot-fists for example).

Regulation and KB

One KB is a serious event in the field of the health of the combatant and does not have to be taken with the light one.

Thus, the payments impose a medical presence at the edge of the boxing ring to intervene quickly in the event of KB and they impose deadlines before the victim of one KB cannot recombattre again. A boxer must for example respect a 28 days rest after one KB. Moreover several consecutive KB can involve a prohibition to fight. This rest makes it possible the brain to recover from the commotion which it received. A practitioner who would go up on the boxing ring prematurely would put his life in danger in the event of new cerebral traumatism.

The federations of the various sports of combat also founded age limits for the access to the competition without helmet and with KB. The presentation of a doctor's certificate of not against indication is also obligatory.

Unfortunately, all these payments, which ensure the safety of the combatants, are not systematically followed.

Various types of KB

From a medical point of view, there exist several types of KB: the cerebral KB, most frequent, the vascular KB, the KB neurovégétatif, muscular, the KB following a blow with the liver or the solar plexus, the KB by exhaustion.

Cerebral KB

It is about a shock on the head.

The majority of the KB come from one blow to the head, the Mâchoire or the Tempe S, and result from a cranial Traumatism.

On the Biomechanical level, this shock, more or less violent, involves an abrupt movement of the head. This movement is particularly important in a shock with the chin which involves a sharp rotation Cervicale and an important movement of the remainder of the head.

This displacement of the head involves a displacement of the Cerveau inside the cranial box (the brain floats inside). The brain can then run up, more or less violently, the internal table of the dome of the skull.

One finds same the effects in an aerospace machine (rocket, fighter plan) during a brutal acceleration, often on takeoff, a not trained person fall into the coma.

This shock can thus involve a Concussion, with loss of clearness, turbid of balance, hearing, of the sight, to see more or less important Loss of consciousness (of the simple absence until the Coma).

Contrary to the generally accepted ideas, these traumatisms, especially if they are repeated and do not involve any acute consequence, leave long-term traces to the neurological level. Thus the repetition of even tiny cranial traumatisms can involve neurological pathologies. The famous boxer Muhammad Ali, precociously reached disease of Parkinson in is an unhappy example.

Vascular KB

It is about a shock on the level of an artery.

  • the shock relates to a Artère (the such Carotide), of this fact blood does not irrigate any more (or much less) the brain. This can cause a loss of conscience or a partial Paralysie.

  • the shock takes off a plate of cholesterol, this one will be pulled by blood and will end up causing a Cerebral vascular accident.

Neurovégétatif KB

It is about a shock impacting the Nervous system.

The shock causes an impact on the Nerf S and the nervous system, the latter not being accustomed to being stimulated as much and also quickly cause a “short-circuiting” (Malaise vagal) and it is the KB. Example: a Mae geri carried on the level of the Plexus.

Muscular KB

The blow carried causes a muscular paralysis. Example: a blow carried on the level of the Thigh, or on the level of the Triceps.

External bonds

  • the combat and the KB on a perso page.

  • should be prohibited boxing? on www.e-sante.be .
  • Causing Parkinson: Boxing, Brain Injury on www.liebermanparkinsonclinic.com . A medical article on the cerebral damage in boxing.

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