Kneecap
The kneecap or patella (new nomenclature) is small a Os flat, triangular located at the former part of the Genou and articulated with the Fémur.
The kneecap is the Os sésamoïde located at the former face (before) of the knee, in the Tendon of the Muscle femoral quadriceps.
The patellar term (in English patellar ), whose synonym is patellar, all that indicates is in connection with the kneecap. Thus one speaks about the search of the patellar Réflexe and his abolition (sign of Westphal).
Anatomy
The kneecap is appeared as a triangular bone whose point is directed downwards, i.e. towards the tibia.
It takes part in the constitution of the skeleton of the knee by allowing the movements of inflection-extension (to fold up and extend the leg) knee.
Its articular face, i.e. looking at the femur, is covered with Cartilage.
The kneecap is located superficially, and of this fact is palpable immediately under the Peau.
It is located between the tendon of the quadriceps (which maintains it in place) and the patellar tendon in bottom (by which it is connected to the tibia).
Physiology
The kneecap is articulated behind with the lower end of the femur called trochlée, thus giving the fémoro-patellar articulation.
The role of the kneecap is to reinforce the force of the muscle to some extent acting quadriceps as a pulley which breaks up a force.
The patellar ligament (patella = kneecap) is a very strong ligament constituting the prolongation of the tendon of the muscle femoral quadriceps and which goes from the kneecap to the tibia.
Physiopathology
The Fracture of the kneecap is rather frequent at the Adulte and generally results from a direct Traumatisme on the knee. It is characterized by a hémarthrose (épanchement Sang uin in the articulation) visible by an increase in volume of the knee.
Treatment
The treatment of the fracture of the kneecap consists in immobilizing the two osseous fragments when there does not exist displacement.
In the event of displacement, it is necessary to operate and to set up a Ostéosynthèse (hooping of the kneecap) which consists in making penetrate a Fil of iron in the form of 8 through the various fragments of kneecap (staying).
In this case, the immobilization lasting approximately 1 month and half, displacement is possible thanks to the use of a Attelle making it possible to maintain the knee in extension.
The evolution of the fracture of the kneecap is done sometimes towards the Arthrose or the fémoro-patellar syndrome. The fémoro-patellar syndrome relatively frequent and is translated a cartilagineuse attack of the kneecap. It is primarily characterized by a Douleur knee when it is folded, at the time of the movements and of the descent of the staircases (inter alia).
Source
Former face
Posterior face
The posterior face is also the articular face composed of a cartilagineux fabric (2) in contact with trochlée of the Fémur.
Pathology of the kneecap
- the Fracture of kneecap
- Nail-Patella syndrome
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