Kiowas

The Kiowas are a nation Amerindian which lived primarily in the plains of the west of the Texas, of the Oklahoma and the east of the New Mexico at the time of the arrival of Europeans. Nowadays, the Kiowa Nation is an officially recognized tribe, counting approximately 6 000 members living in the south-west of Oklahoma (1989).

Kiowas are originating in the septentrional basin of the Rivière Missouri. They migrated towards the south in the Black Hills about 1650 on the same territory as the Crows. Pushed towards the south by the invaders Cheyennes and Sioux, them-even thorough out of their grounds of the area of the Big lakes by the tribes Ojibwe, Kiowas migrated in the basin of the Rivière Platte to the surface of the Rivière Arkansas. There, he faced the Comanches, which occupied the place. Towards 1790, the two groups agreed on the division of the area. As from this moment, the two people were very dependant: they drove out, travelled and made the war together. The Apaches of the Plains (also called Kiowa-Apaches) also united in Kiowas at that time.

Kiowas lived like the majority of the tribes of the Plains. For the majority nomads, they lived hunting for the bison and gathering, lived in Tipi S, and depended on their horses for hunting and the war. Kiowas were famous for their raids long distance until the Canada in north and the Mexico in the south.

After 1840, Kiowas were combined with their former enemies, Cheyennes, like with Comanches and the Apaches, to fight against the tribes originating in the east forced to settle in the Indian Territoires. The American army intervened, and Kiowas had to agree to be installed on a reserve in the south-west of Oklahoma (Traité of Medicine Lodge), 1867). Some bands of Kiowas refused to be established before 1875 there.

August 6th 1901, the territory kiowa in Oklahoma was opened with the installation of the White, dismantling in fact the reserve. Each hearth kiowa accepted 80 acres (320 000 m ²). The only grounds belonging still today to the tribe are the scattered pieces rented with the colonists as fields of pasture before the reserve is not opened with their establishment.

Language

The language kiowa is usually classified with the languages tanoan in the families of the Langues kiowa-tanoan, in spite of the great cultural differences between Kiowas and the groups speaking a language tanoan. (related article: opposite grammatical#Nombre Number)

See too

External bonds

Kiowa - Joshua Project

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