Kingdom of Sardinia

The kingdom of Sardinia was the precursor of the kingdom of Italy and thus of current unified Italy, directed by the Maison of Savoy. In the Historiography traditional Frenchwoman, this kingdom is often designated under the name of Piedmont-Sardinia , to identify the two separate parts of the kingdom.

the Middle Ages with the Revolution

The Regnum Sardiniae and Corsicae (kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica) was created in 1297 by the pope Boniface VIII in order to solve the conflicts between the houses of Anjou and Aragon about the Royaume of Sicily, conflicts started by famous the sicilian Vêpres. It was thus a kingdom of compensation, allotted to Jacques II '' the Juste '' of Aragon.

Sardinia remained however submitted to powerful lords carrying the title of Judex (“judge”, from where the name of Judicat S given to the four principal “principalities” installed on the island since the end of the Roman Empire), themselves under the influence of the cities of Pisa and Genoa. In 1323, Jacques II formed an alliance with the judge of Raised, Catalan origin, and controlled the judicats Cagliari and of Gallura, eliminating from the island Pisans. Royal control was however final only at the beginning of the 15th century, when Martin '' the young person '', king de Sicile and prosecutor of Sardinia for the account of his father the king d' Aragon Martin '' the Old man '' eliminated the last judges d' Arborée of which Eléonore d' Arborée, famous for its Carta de Logu , a innovative charter. The Corsica was not conquered and kings d' Aragon ceased claiming there in 1479, after the mention and Corsicae were withdrawn from the official name of the kingdom. Sardinia, attached to the Crown of Aragon, passed with the latter, in the Spanish monarchy at the 16th century.

The kingdom remained depend on Spain until the War of succession of Spain, finished in 1714, date on which it passed in the possessions of the Habsbourgs of Vienna, which exchanged it in 1720 against Sicily with the duke of Savoy. The Dukes of Savoy carried the title of “king de Sardaigne” until the proclamation of the kingdom of Italy in 1861. Their subjects Piedmontese regretted the fact besides that the poorest part of the possessions of Savoy, Sardinia, is honoured with the title of kingdom, whereas the Piedmont rich person had only the title of Principauté!

The French revolution of 1789

Victor-Amédée III was beaten by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796 and with the Traité of Cherasco, it lost its possessions with the Piedmont and his/her son Charles-Emmanuel IV of Sardinia succeeded to him.

In 1793, took place an attempt at invasion of Sardinia organized by France which had maintained on the island the advisers and the spies. The nobility of the island agreed to revolt, following the refusal of Victor-Amédée III to recognize the Sardinian statutes (the Stamenti ). The Piedmontese one were driven out the April 28th 1794, using a republican rising directed by the lawyer Giovanni Maria Angioy. But this rising died out in 1796 with the defeat of insurgent close to Oristano. The Angioy lawyer took refuge in France and the Maison of Savoy took again the control of the island in a few months, by exerting a very hard repression.

The throne of Cagliari and French in Turin

The December 10th 1798 was made up in Turin, the Piedmontese République, recognized by the French who had occupied the city. Savoy, with all the court, took refuge with Cagliari which became the single capital of the kingdom until the final restitution of the dry land States (continental possessions of the kingdom). The June 20th 1799, the troops austro-Russian reconquered Turin and restored Charles-Emmanuel IV on his throne, but one year after, the French occupied Turin again by creating the subalpine République.

This republic, the first in Italy, emitted currencies according to the Decimal system adopted for the Franc French - what will be at the origin of the Latin Union (a monetary union). More precisely, a gold currency of 20 francs was emitted to commemorate the Bataille of Marengo.

The September 11th 1802, Piedmont is annexed in France, by removing the subalpine Republic. With the Restoration, with the treated of Paris, on May 30th, 1814, the house of Savoy was restored in its rights and the January 4th 1815, with the congress of Vienna, Genoa and the Ligurie were annexed to the kingdom, so that it constitutes a State-plug able to be opposed to France.

Restoration

The new king, Victor-Emmanuel Ier of Sardinia, was a preserving monarch, who was obliged to abdicate following the liberal revolutionary movements of 1821 which are the sign of the beginning of the Risorgimento. It is its successor Charles-Albert of Sardinia which conceded the Statutes albertins, more liberals, following the revolts of 1848.

The same year, the war is declared with the Austria. After some initial successes, the war was unfavourable in Savoy and Charles-Albert was constrained to abdicate in favor of his son Victor-Emmanuel II of Savoy, the March 23rd 1849, which continued with the assistance of its Prime Minister Cavour, the process of unification of Italy to his profit.

Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia

Towards the Kingdom of Italy

The March 17th 1861, the kingdom of Sardinia, which has just carried out the Italian unification, definitively changed its name into Royaume of Italy.

See too

----

Random links: