Kingdom of Rohan

History

During the XIII of the Third Age (T.A.), the sovereigns of Gondor formed a narrow alliance with the inhabitants of the Scandinavian territory of the Rhovanion, people relative of the three Houses of the Edain of the First Age. These men were decimated by the Great Plague of 1636 T.A., and more still by the invasions of the People-of-Carriages at the end of the XX century. Following these invasions, part of these men, carried out by certain Frumgar, migrated towards the high valley of the Anduin in 1977 T.A. On the spot, they entered in conflict with the Nains on the division of the treasure of the dragon Scatha, killed by Fram, the son of Frumgar.

These men, who took the name of Éothéod , lived during several centuries around the sources of Anduin, but they became increasingly numerous and felt with narrow on their grounds. In spite of the distance, they maintained bonds with the Gondor, and when the Surintendant Cirion was attacked by hordes of Orientaux and Orques, in 2510 T.A., it called upon Eorl the young person, new lord of Éothéod. It arrived in an unhoped-for way and gained the decisive battle of the fields of Celebrating.

In reward, Eorl accepted the plains of the Calenardhon, where it installed its people and his kingdom. This country was in the beginning a province of Gondor, but it had been devastated by the great plague of 1636 and the invasions which had followed it, so that the people of Eorl could settle there without concern. They drove out the men who lived in the valleys of the White Mountains towards the west, in the Pays of Dun. These men, Dunlendings, became the most savage enemies of Rohirrim.

In 2758, Rohan was invaded by the Dunlending S carried out by Wulf, wire of Freca, a lord of blood mixed dunlending and rohirrim. The king Helm took refuge with the Hornburg until the assistance of Gondor and Dunharrow, which arrived the following year, did not demolish the enemies. Helm and its two sons having perished during the difficult winter which had prevailed, it is its Fréaláf nephew who succeeded to him. A little later Saroumane settled in Isengard, of which it accepted the keys of the Beren superintendent.

In 3014, Saroumane started to use its influence to weaken the king Théoden, like element of its plan to invade the kingdom. In 3019, it launched an invasion to large scales which allowed him a victory with the fords of Isen, where Théodred, the son of Théoden, was killed, but its troops were defeats a few days later, at the time of the battle of the Hornburg. At the same time, the Ent S besieged the circle of Isengard and destroyed its installations.

In the tread of this victory, Théoden took along its army to Minas Tirith, of which it broke the seat in the Bataille of the fields of Pelennor, where it lost the life. Its nephew Éomer took his continuation, beginning the third royal line. Éomer went with the remaining armies of the Gondor to the doors of Mordor, where it took part in the final battle against the armies of Sauron, which was overcome when the Anneau was destroyed.

The period of the superintendents finished with the return of the king Elessar, this last and king Éomer renewed their oath of alliance.

Of Rohirrim famous

Geography

Thestrong ones and borders of Rohan

The capital of Rohan is the fort of Edoras on the buttresses of the White Montagnes. Another big city is Aldburg , city-headlight of Ouestfolde where remained the first kings before Meduseld was not built. Other cities had to exist, but they are not named in the accounts.

A known refuge is Dunharrow, in the White Montagnes. One of place-strong most impressive of Rohan is the Hornburg, a large fortress built by the Dúnedain which is one of the chain links of fortifications of the Gouffre of Helm.

The borders of Rohan are:

in the west, the Isen river, bordering Isengard, and Adorn, flow of Isen;
in the south, White Mountains;
in the south-east the Mering Stream , which forms the limit with Gondor,
in north, Limeclaire, flows of the Anduin,
in the east, the mouth of Entalluve.

At the time of the War of the Ring, Rohan represented approximately a third of the size of Gondor, whose surface had been gradually reduced with the passing of years.

Climate and landscape

The regions of Rohan are described like a country of pastures and meadows with luxuriant tall grasses. That can resemble our landscapes of steppe of Central Asia or the large plains of North America, like with the climates of these areas. The grounds of Rohan are often described like “seas of greenery”.

Rohirrim and their horses

The Rohirrim are descendants of Men of the First Age who did not go to the Beleriand as Edain which was rewarded later by the Valar with the island for Númenor. The ancestors of Rohirrim were known under the name of Éothéod; they accepted the province of Calenardhon of Gondor after the battle mentioned above of the fields of Celebrating.

Rohirrim, riding People, is recognized, main riders of the breeding of the horses. Among the horses of Rohirrim are distinguished the Mearas, noblest and faster horses than Arda ever carried; Gripoil was largest of them. At its time, Mearas were very little numerous, but to maintain the race enough. The armies of Rohan are composed almost only of its Cavalerie, subdivided in disparate units known as “ éored ”. The armies of Rohan were excellently involved with the military exercises at the time of the war of the Ring, although their number was rather reduced. The soldiers of career could, them, being limited to the personal guard of the king with Edoras.

Because of their close relation with the horses, as well per time of peace as of war, their name was famous. The Rohirrim (or in a more exact way the Rochirrim ) is the name Sindarin for “Masters of the horses” and the Rohan (or in the past Rochand ) meant “country of the Masters of the horses”. These names were formed by Hallas, wire of the superintendent Cirion.

Policy of Rohan

Alliance with Gondor

Alliance between Rohan and Gondor was concluded into 2510 from the Third Age. This year, the Orientaux launched a massive invasion against Gondor. The army of Gondor was overcome and trapped between the Limlight river and the Celebrating. Gondor, which had always been in positive ratios with the various tribes of the Men of north, sent emissary to closest of them, Éothéod. Although required help was unusual and the doubtful answer, it came. Eorl the Young person and his proud Éothéod riders turned over the situation to the fields of Celebrating. In return, Cirion, the superintendent of Gondor entrusted to Eorl the depopulated province of Celenardhon, while thus filling its need for a major ally.

The Oath of Eorl was respected by Cirion and Eorl and their successors, and any of the two parts it forever broken. Rohan made main efforts to respect their share of the treaty, until the sacrifice of two of its heirs, when Gondor was under the threat of the Harad rim into 2885, when Fastred and Folcred, the twin brothers of the king Folcwine, was killed in the battle of the fords of the Poros. The king Théoden once again honoured this engagement at the time of the Bataille with the fields of Pelennor.

The war with Dunlendings

In the west of Rohan lived the Dunlendings, people native of the place, which had been shown historically hostile the free people of the Men. Dunlending Wulf was briefly a usurper of the throne of Rohan during the Long Winter.

Rumors of tributes in Sauron

During the first years of the war of the Anneau, rumors were widespread on the fact that Rohirrim discharged a tribute to the armies of Sauron in their providing horses. They were false: Rohirrim granted more value than to anything else than with their mountings and would never have concluded such a market. However these rumors had this effect to mask treason, it true, of Saroumane. The origin of the rumor was that of Orcs had flown of mountings for the armies of Mordor, but this fact did nothing but multiply by ten the hatred of Rohan against Sauron.

Grima Language of the Snake

When the king Théoden started to age, it took Gríma later, known as “Language of snake”, like advising. Gríma quickly became the main thing adviser of Théoden, but without the knowledge of all, he was a man of Saroumane. Gríma played on the fear of Théoden of its ageing to weaken and the king and the kingdom, always advising the retirement to him when the attack was preferable. It could even have started to poison the king. The disaster was in germ for Rohan, but also for Gondor by removing its main ally in north to him. The plans of Gríma Langue of snake will remain masked until the arrival of Gandalf in Edoras.

The Anglo-Saxon influence

Many aspects of the culture of Rohan and its history seem inspired by the Anglo-Saxon Middle Ages:

the antipathy between Rohirrim and the Dunlendings evokes the historical tensions between the Anglo-Saxon colonists and the Celte S natives of Great Britain.

The language of Rohan: Rohirique

See also: Rohirique

The rohirique one is, like the majority of the languages of the Hommes of the Ground of the Medium, near to the Adûnaic, the language of Edain. Rohirrim call their fatherland the Riddermark (out-of-date form Ridenna-mearc , derived Éo-marc , or simply the Marche ); themselves name the Eorlingas , the wire of Eorl. Into old rohiric, the name of their country is Lôgrad , with the element " lô-" /" loh-" corresponding to the Anglo-Saxon " éo" , which means " cheval".

Other examples:

Éothéod : of eoh (“horse of war”) and " þeod" (“people, nation”)
Gríma perhaps of grima (“mask, helmet, phantom”)
Eorl : of eorl (“noble”)
Théodred : of þeod (“people, nation”) and ræd (“council”)

The names rohiric have their plural with the suffix - ace , like the variation of the names to the strong masculine of old English.

Rohirrim used the patronym of old English - ing . They name themselves the Eorlingas , and the Beorn ides was (in English) the Beorningas , just like the inhabitants of the Scyld history were the Scylding|Scyldingas .

Théoden returns to “Théoden King”, more than to “King Théoden”, just like the Anglo-Saxon kings added the word cyning (" king") after their name, rather than the reverse.

Tolkien is presented in the form of a “ traducteur ” in English of the accounts of the Earth of the Medium, supposed to be written in speaking common. The rohirique one is related with the Westron, the “ to speak commun ” of the Earth of the Medium, like the Anglo-Saxon with modern English. Tolkien returns consequently the names rohiric like old English, so as to represent this relationship. Thus a word as will mearas is old English of horses, just as éored characterizes a unit of cavalry. Let us recall that Tolkien was a Philologue particularly interested by the Germanic languages.

Many antiquated names Hobbit S resemble the rohirique one, since the ancestors of the hobbits of the Comté lived in the high valleys of the Anduin, not far from old Rohirrim and it had there apparently a mutual linguistic enrichment. The name Hobbit itself is derived from rohiric the Holbytlan (builder of holes). These names are obviously in fact of the translations of the Westron Kuduk (Hobbit) and of rohiric the kûd-dûkan (“ inhabitant of a trou ”).

Internal bonds

Kings of Rohan

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