Kingdom of Patani

See also: Pattani

The kingdom of Patani (in Malayan, the name is written with only one " t") Malayan was a kingdom vassal kingdoms of Sukhothai then of Ayutthaya.

The expansion thaïe towards the south was inevitably to run up against the resistance of the kingdoms of the north of the Malayan Péninsule, of which that of Patani.

In 1572, the sultan Manzur Shah dies. 12 years of wars of succession between its sons and their cousins follow. When there does not remain only one any more male heir, it is one of the girls of Manzur, the Ijau princess, who goes up on the throne in 1584, becoming thus the first queen of Patani.

The Ijau queen will reign 31 years. She will reinforce the bonds of Patani with Johor and Pahang, two others Malayan kingdoms of the peninsula. This policy of relative independence with respect to Ayutthaya is made possible by the fact that of 1564 until in the years 1590, the Siamese kingdom must face the threats of the Burmese and of the Khmer . However, at the end of XVIe century, Ayutthaya finds its power under the reign of the king Naresuan.

Ijau dies in 1615. His/her Biru sister succeeds to him and will reign until 1622. It Marie her Ungu sister with the sultan Abdul Ghafur Mohaidin Syah de Pahang. This marriage will give a girl, Kuning. To died of Ghafur, Ungu will return in Patani with his/her daughter. When Kuning is 12 years old, his/her aunt Biru the Marie with a Siamese prince, Okya Decho, wire of the prince of Nakhon If Thammarat (that Europeans call " Ligor"), vassal of Ayutthaya.

To died of his/her sister in 1622, Ungu goes up in its turn on the throne. She arranges for remarier her daughter with the sultan of Johor. Okya Decho, furious, obtains from king d' Ayutthaya the permission to carry out Siamese troops to attack Patani. Ungu obtains supports it of Pahang and Johor. The Siamese attack fails.

Ungu will follow a anti-Siamese policy and refuses for example to be made call by its Siamese title of will phra chao (" princesse"). When the prince Prasat Thong seizes the power with Ayutthaya and is made crown king in 1630, Ungu refuses to pay him tribute. Patani seizes even two boats of Ayutthaya which went to Batavia, head office of the VOC ( Verenigde Oost-Indische Campagnie or " Company Dutchwoman of the Eastern Indies "). In addition, Patani sends troops to tackle the principalities of Phatthalung and Nakhon If Thammarat.

Jaramias van Vliet, a representative of the detached VOC with Ayutthaya in 1633, mentions this " well; rébellion" of Patani under the reign of king Prasat Thong. He writes that Patani paid until there tribute with Ayutthaya.

In 1633, Ayutthaya recruits troops to subject Patani. The king of Kedah, another Malayan kingdom, intervenes like mediator. Ayutthaya finally decides to rather send an embassy to Patani. The Ungu queen dies in 1635. His/her Kuning daughter succeeds to him. Her husband returns in Johor. Under the reign of Kuning, Patani finds the glorious hours of the international business. The queen makes dredge the mouth of the Patani river so that it can accommodate more boats.

Contrary to his/her mother, hostile with Ayutthaya, the Kuning queen bonds with king Prasat Thong. In 1636, an ambassador is sent to Ayutthaya. A tribute in the form of gold flowers is sent to the Siamese king. Kuning goes itself to the Siamese capital in 1641.

From 1646 to 1649, Patani is combined with the Malayan kingdom Kedah and with the principality of Songkhla to resist Ayutthaya. The allies attack and occupy Nakhon If Thammarat in 1649. Ayutthaya sends troops. In 1650, two boats of Songkhla approtent a message of peace and flowers of gold to pay homage to Prasat Thong.

In 1651, a prince of Kelantan, Rajah Sakti, causes a coup d'etat. The queen flees in Johor but dies in way close to the shore of Kelantan. Its body is buried in the village of Kampung Pancor. Its reign will have been one of longest and prosperous of the area

The French Jesuit Nicolas Gervaise will write in years 1680 that the Ijau queen did not have access to all the secrecies of the kingdom. However, it is under Ijau, its sisters and her Kuning niece, that Patani reaches the top of its prosperity by its trade with the Southeast Asia, Japan and Europe. It is also under the queens that irrigation work is undertaken.

Patani was one of the best natural ports on the long Eastern coast of the Malayan Péninsule. The kingdom traded with Siam, the States of the peninsula eet of the west of the archipelago Indonesia N, but also with China and India. It was used as warehouse with the Poivre produces in the area, against which the Chinese merchants came to exchange invaluable fabrics and Porcelaine. The Indian merchants brought also fabrics, which they exchanged against of gold, the spice S and the agricultural produce.

After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, Patani becomes again independent.

Then under the Siamese king Rowed I er, Patani fall again under suzerainty from the Siam.

The kingdom is annexed in Siam within the framework of the anglo-Siamese Traité of 1909. Patani, that the Siamese ones write " Pattani" , becomes a province of Siam. The areas of Narathiwat and Yala are detached thereafter from Patani to be high with the row of provinces.

Random links: