Kingdom of Juda
See also: Juda
This article on the kingdom of Juda rests mainly on the religious literature: Bible, Midrach, Coran…, all documents whose accounts concern mythology.
- For historical and archaeological information to see Given archaeological on the first Jews of Palestine and Egypt and History of Palestine
- For epigraphic information to see History of research on Pentateuque
Biblical account
The kingdom of Juda appears when the king Solomon, the son of the king David, dies in 931 av. J. - C. A Schisme bursts then. Ten Tribus of Israel gather in north to form new the Royaume of Israel, directed by Jéroboam while the tribes of Juda and Benjamin form around Jerusalem in the south a kingdom of Juda, more homogeneous (in particular on the religious level) that the kingdom of Israel. Most of the Lévites devoted to the Temple of Jerusalem also join the kingdom of Juda.
The kingdom of Juda exists of -931 until in -587, when the Babylonian king Nabuchodonosor destroyed Jerusalem.
History
From -931 to -612
According to the Bible, this kingdom known as of the south remains more attached to teaching of the Torah than its neighbor of north, the Royaume of Israel. The presence of the Temple of Jerusalem in its capital is related to this maintenance of the faith, in spite of certain times when the kings supported the idolatry and corruption on this territory. The Assyrie destroys the kingdom of north into -722 and off-sets its population. The kingdom of Juda resists the attacks
From -612 to -605
In -612, the Assyrian capital, Ninive are destroyed by the two new regional powers: the Chaldée and the Médie, plain under the Babylonian banner . The Egypt has sights on the Syria and the Samarie. The kingdom of Juda is thus wedged between the three large ones of the time. The king Josias dies at the time of engagements against the Pharaon Nékao II into -608. Yoachaz, wire of Josias, becomes king in the place of his father in Jerusalem.
From -605 to -588
In -605, the Bataille of Karkemish opposes Egypt to Babylon. The king Nabuchodonosor II crosses Judaea and continues the troops of the Pharaon. Judaea becomes vassal Chaldée. The population of the kingdom is divided between the partisans of Egypt and Babylon. The king Joaïakim draws up himself against Nabuchodonosor and dies in the combat into -598. Babylonian off-sets the elite of the population and the kingdom out of very weakened spring. A revolt fails into -593. In -589, in spite of the warnings of the Prophet Jérémie, the king de Juda Sédécias is combined with the military coalition carried out by Egypt against Chaldée, refuses to pay the imposed tribute and declares the independence of the country again.
Exile and destruction of the kingdom
In reaction, Nabuchodonosor invades Judaea. The head office of Jerusalem begins the 10 Tevet (Hebraic calendar) of the year -587. The people of the city are famished by the seat. The 17 Tammouz of the year -586, a breach is made in the wall of the Temple and the city is plundered. The 9 Ab -586, the Babylonian soldiers set fire to the Temple and the buildings of the city. The kingdom is destroyed and all its population is off-set towards the various areas of the Babylonian empire.
Babylonian Judaea
Guedaliah
See also: Fast of Guedaliah
Deportation towards Egypt
Kings de Juda
For this period, the majority of the specialists in the old will follow the chronology established by William Foxwell Albright, Edwin R. Thiele, or Gershon Galil, all mentioned below. All the dates are AEC.
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