Kingdom of Ireland

The Royaume of Ireland was the name given at the Irish State as from 1541 by an act of the Parlement of Ireland. The new monarch replaced the lord of Ireland, created in 1171. The king Henry VIII became thus the first King d' Irlande since 1169.

Reason of this creation

By the bubble Laudabiliter , the pope Adrien IV, an English, yielded the island of Ireland to the English Monarchie at the 12th century as a feudal possession, which made it possible this monarchy to govern this region. But Ireland remained theoretically a papal field. After the Excommunication of Henry VIII in 1533, the constitutional statute of the English authority on Ireland became null and void. Henry VIII had separated from the the Vatican and had proclaimed chief of the news Église of England in order to be authorized the divorce that the pope Clément VII had refused to him. For this reason, Henry could not recognize any more the formal sovereignty of the Catholic church on Ireland. To solve this question, Henry proclaimed King d' Irlande by a decree voted by the Parliament of Ireland in 1541.

In this manner, the throne of Ireland from now on was occupied by the reigning sovereign of England, thus placing the kingdom of Ireland lately formed in personal Union with the Royaume of England. In 1603, the throne of England itself was occupied by the king d' Écosse, putting the three kingdoms of the British Isles in personal union, which ends up leading to the the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, when the Parliaments of these two kingdoms amalgamated in only one assembly with Westminster, with the seat of the English Parliament with London. In 1801, the English and Irish Parliaments amalgamated same manner, creating the the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Lord Deputy

The kingdom of Ireland was controlled by an executive power having at its head a “Lord Deputy”, called “Lord Lieutenant later”. Even if some Irishmen held this station, the majority of the Lords Deputy belonged to the English nobility.

The legislative power of this kingdom was exerted by two rooms: a House of Lords and a House of Commons, which almost always met in Dublin. The powers of the Irish Parliament had been restricted by a series of laws, more particularly by the Loi of Poyning of 1492. The Catholics and, later, the Covenanter S were excluded from this Parliament during the major part of its history. At the 18th century, for the first time in the world, a bicameral Parliament meets in a building especially designed for the two Rooms, with College Green in the middle of Dublin.

Parliament of Grattan

The constitution of 1782 cancelled some restrictions on the powers of the Parliament, which was known for this period under the name of Parlement of Grattan, according to the name of one of the Irish main leaders of opposition, Henry Grattan. In 1788-89, it appeared a crisis of regency, when George III started to lose the reason. Henry Grattan wanted to name the prince of Wales, the future George IV, regent of Ireland. But the king recovered health before that was not done.

Union of the kingdoms

By the Act of Union of the Irish Parliament, the kingdom of Ireland amalgamated in 1801 with the Royaume of Great Britain to form the the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Irish Parliament ceased existing, although the executive, chaired by the Lord Lieutenant, remained in place until 1922. This act of union was preceded by a fallen through rebellion and the French invasion by 1798, then was the subject of many controversies, involving an important corruption of the members of the Parliament to guarantee his vote.

Free state of Ireland

In 1922,26 counties left the the United Kingdom and formed the free State of Ireland. By the constitution of 1922, the king became king in Ireland. This was changed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act of 1927, by which the king became explicitly king of all his dominions, and in particular king of Ireland. Kevin O' Higgins, vice-president of the executive council of the free State of Ireland, i.e. vice Prime Minister, suggested making reappear the “Kingdom of Ireland” as a double monarchy, which would bind the Northern Ireland and the free State of Ireland, and whose king would be crowned at the time of a public ceremony with Phoenix Park in Dublin. But this idea was abandoned after the assassination of O' Higgins by men of the WILL GO, opposite with the Anglo-Irish Traité in 1927.

An act of 1542, which ratifies the kingdom of Henry VIII and its bonds with the English Crown, and which had been left by error in the collection of the laws, was repealed by the Irish Republic in 2007 at the time of the complete revision of its laws.

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