Kingdom of Étrurie
The kingdom of Étrurie is a State created in 1801, including/understanding a big part of the Toscane. It was dissolved in 1807.
It holds its name of the Étrurie, old Roman name for the ground of the Étrusques. It is created by the Traité of San Ildefonso (1800) signed by France and Spain for Louis de Bourbon, the son and heir to the duke of Parma Ferdinand I {{er}}, died in 1802. By this treaty, Spain yielded the Louisiana to France and some said that “the Bourbons had exchanged an empire against a province”. Habsbourg-Lorraine Ferdinand III, the large-duke of Toscane évincé receives in compensation of the ecclesiastical territories of the archbishop's palace of Salzburg.
In the spirit of Napoleon, Louis Ier d' Étrurie had implicitly given up the Duché of Parma which was finally annexed in France; Parma became the Chef-lieu of a French Département, the Taro. King Louis dies in 1803, his wife Marie-Louise de Bourbon (girl of Charles IV of Spain) ensures regency for his son “Louis II”. However, in 1807, Napoleon appendix the kingdom of Étrurie to the French Empire, transforming it into three French Departments (Arno, the Mediterranean and Ombrone). If Élisa Bonaparte ends up receiving the title of large-duchess of Tuscany it acted only of one simple command out of these three French departments.
The king and his mother were to receive in exchange, according to the terms of the Traité of Fontainebleau (1807) signed by France and Spain, the North of the Portugal, recently conquered, but, in 1808, the estrangement between Napoleon and the Bourbons reigning in Spain stops the process.
Finally, in 1814, the Toscane is reconstituted and returned to the Habsbourg-Lorraine large-dukes. The Bourbons which reigned on Étrurie are compensated with the Duché for Lucques: it is understood that they will recover the Duché of Parma given in for life (Napoleon II having been finally excluded from this succession) to the Impératrice Marie-Louise to died of the latter and that the Duché of Lucques will then be annexed by the Grand-duché of Tuscany.
Kings d' Étrurie
- Charles-Louis d' Étrurie 1803 - 1807, also called Louis II of Étrurie by certain authors; regency is ensured by his/her mother queen- theregent Marie-Louise de Bourbon, sometimes called the Reine Marie-Louise (to distinguish it from the Impératrice Marie-Louise wife of Napoleon)
Portrait by Goya
The future royal family of Étrurie appears in the Famille of Charles IV of Spain such as it was painted by Francisco Goya in 1800 - 1801: on the right table future the Reine Marie-Louise holds the future Louis II of Étrurie in its arms and the future Louis Ier d' Étrurie is held near it.
See too
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