Khwârazm-Shahs


The Khwârazm-Shahs or Khorezmiens were a Dynastie perso - Turkish installed with the Khwarezm, in Transoxiane and Perse (1077 - 1231).

Sovereigns and history

The dynasty was founded by Anushtigin (1077 - 1097), which was named in 1077 governor of the Khwarezm by the sultan seldjoukide Malik Shah Ier. Its residence became Kounya-Ourguentch. Its successors quickly gained a broad independence compared to Seldjoukides entered in conflict with those in connection with the domination on the Khorassan. After the defeat, in 1141, Eastern kingdom seldjoukide against the Kara-Khitans, the Khwarezm spent some time under the supervision of the latter.

AD-DIN Tekish went (1172 - 1200) arrived certainly at the capacity at the Khwarezm with the assistance of the Kara-Khitans, but could quickly get rid of their supervision. Under its reign, in 1187, the Khorasan was conquered and, in 1194, the last sultan seldjoukide was deposited and the conquered Perse. Khorezmiens became also the new guards of the Caliph S Abbassides of Baghdad. Under AD-DIN Muhammad Went (1200 - 1220), the kingdom reached its maximum extension because the Qarakhanides of Transoxiane (1212) and the Ghurides of the Khorassan (1215) had been reversed.

The fast rise of the Khwarezm to the row of great power could be done only by the alliance of the dynasty with the Kiptchak and the Oghouzes. But the campaigns and the raids the latter had consequences devastators for agriculture in Central Asia and Iran because, beside the destruction related to the wars, much of fields were transformed into pastures for the wandering herds of Kiptchak.

The prosperity of the kingdom was in any event of short duration, because it caused an attack of the Mongolian of Gengis Khan. In 1219, the governor khorezmien of Otrar on the Syr-Daria made assassinate a caravan of merchant-spies sent by Gengis Khan, and the ambassadors sent by this one to require explanations knew the same fate, which started a terrible repression.

In 1220, the Mongols conquered the Central Asia, whose big cities like Samarkand, Bukhara, Merv and Nichapour underwent severe destruction. AD-DIN went died in 1220 while fleeing, while his/her son Jalal AD-DIN continued since the Azerbaïdjan resistance against the Mongols. But, because of its raids, it was overcome in 1230 by a coalition of the Seldjoukides of Roum and Ayyoubides. With the assassination of Jalal AD-DIN in 1231, the dynasty of the Khwârazm-Shahs ended.

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