Khorasan-e-razavi

The Khorasan-e-Razavi (in Persan: RTL F خراسانرضوی) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is located in the North-East of the country. Mashhad is the capital of the province.

The other important cities of the province are: Ghouchan, Dargaz, Chenaran, Sarakhs, Fariman, Torbat-e Jam, Taybad, Ferdows, Ghayen, Khaf and Rashtkhar, Kashmar, Bardaskan, Neyshabour, Sabzevar, Gonabad, Kalat and Khalil Abad, Boshrooyeh.

Khorasan-e Razavi is one of the three provinces create after the division of the Khorasan in 2004.

History

The Grand Khorasan lived the rise and the fall of many dynasties and governments on its territory during the history. Many Arab tribes , Turkish, Mongolian, Afghan Turkmènes and brought changes in the area each one in their time.

Former geographers of Iran (" Iran-Shahr") the country divided into eight segments, among which most flourishing and largest was the territory of the Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the country, was one of the central points of residence for the Aryan tribes after it entered to Iran.

The famous empire Parthian was based with Merv, Khorasan during many years. In the times of Parthes arsacides, Esfarayen was one of the most important villages of Neyshapour.

During the dynasty Sassanide, the province was controlled by a Espahbod (general lieutenant) called " Padgoosban" and by four margraves, each one ordering one of the four parts of the province.

Khorasan was divided into four parts at the time of the Islamic Conquête of Iran and each part was named according to the four large cities, Neyshabour, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

In the year 651, the army of the Moslem Arabs invades Khorasan. The territory remained in the hands of the clan Abbasside until in 820, followed by the reign of the Iranian clan Taheride until in 896 then of the dynasty samanide until in 900.

Sultan Mohmud Qaznavi (Mahmûd de Ghaznî) conquered Khorasan in 994 and in the year 1037 Toghrul-Beg, the first of the Seldjoukides conquered Neyshabour.

Mahmud Qaznavi resisted against the invaders several times, and finally, the Turks Ghaznavides were beaten by Sultan Sanjar. But the history of the conquests was not finished, since in 1157, Khorasan was conquered by the Khwarazmides and because of attacks conducted simultaneously by the Mongolian , Khorasan was annexed to the territories of the Mongolian Ilkhanat.

With, the Mouvement Sardebaran declared independence with Sabzevar and, towards 1360, Khorasan fell between the hands from Amir Teimoor Goorkani (Tamerlan). The town of Herat became the capital of his/her son Shah Rukh (reign 1407 - 1447) then of his descendant Husayn Bayqara (reign 1469 - 1506), the patron of the great painter minaturist Behzad.

In 1507, Khorasan was occupied by tribes ouzbèkes. After the death of Nadir Shah Afshar in 1747, Khorasan was occupied by the Afghans.

During the period Qajar E, the the United Kingdom supported the Afghans in order to protect the Compagnie from the Eastern Indies. Herat was thus separated from Persia and Nasereddin Shah was unable to beat the British in order to take again Herat. Finally, the treaty of Paris was concluded in 1903, and Iran saw itself prohibiting to take advantage of its rights with respect to the British on Herat and the other territories of what today is the Afghanistan.

Finally, Khorasan was divided into two parts: the oriental party, who were the area densément populated and which fell under British protection, and the Western part, who remained under occupation of Iran.

Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it is divided into three provinces the September 29th 2004. The provinces create with the approval of the Parliament of Iran (the May 18th 2004) and by the Conseil of the Guards (the May 29th 2004) were the Khorasan-e-razavi, the Khorasan-e-shomali (of North) and the Khorasan-e-jonubi (of the south).

Khorasan-e Razavi today

The most important ethnicities of the province are Persians, the Turks of Khorasan, Turkmènes and the Arabs. There is also an important Afghan community in the province, due to massive surges of refugees of Afghanistan these last years.

Attractions

The province contains many historical and natural attractions, like mineral springs, small lakes, entertaining surfaces, protected caves and areas and several places favorable to the excursion.

In addition to these attractions, Khorasan-e Razavi has many religious monuments and places of pilgrimage, of which the mausoleum of the Imam Reza, the Mosquée Goharshad and much of other mausoleums and Imamzadehs which attract the visitors of the province.

The Organization of the cultural heritage of Iran lists 1179 sites of historical and cultural importance in the 3 provinces of Khorasan.

The most popular attractions of Khorasan of north are:

Keep silent, where Ferdowsi is buried, the Homère of Persia.
Neyshabour, where are buried Attar, Omar Khayyam, and Kamal-ol-molk.
Mosque Goharshad
Mausoleum of the Imam Reza
Khaneh Khorshid
Shandiz
Torghabeh
Tomb of Nadir Shah Afshar
Turn Akhangan (Akhanjan)
Haruniyeh Dome, where the famous mystic Imam Mohammad Al-Ghazali is buried.
Citadel of Keep silent
Lake Bazangan,
Kooh Sangi
Akhlamad
Band-e-Golestan (Golestan Stopping)
Jaghargh
Zoshk
Noghondar
Kardeh Prejudice
Parks Vakilabad and Mellat
Zari Caves, Hendelabad, Mozdooran, Moghan and Kardeh.
Castle Robat Sharaf
Tombs of Khajeh Abasalt, Khajeh Morad, Delighted (famous gnostic Iranian) and mausoleum of Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi.
Mausoleums of Yahya and Khajeh Rabi
Sabz Dome (green).

Universities

# University of medical sciences of Gonabad
# Islamic university of Gonabad
# website/[University Ferdowsi de Mashhad
# University of medical sciences of Mashhad
# Islamic university of Mashad
# University of medical sciences of Sabzevar
# University of training of the Masters of Sabzevar
# Islamic university of Torbat E Jam
# Islamic university of Sabzevar
# Islamic university of Neishabur
# Islamic university of Ghoochan
# Free Islamic university of Torbat Heidariyeh
# University of sciences practical and applied, Khorasan
# University Imam Reza
# Institute of higher learning of Sadjad

See too

Khorasan
Large Khorasan
Khorasan-e-jonubi (of the south)
Khorasan-e-shomali (of North)
History of Iran

External bonds

the legal text of the division of Khorasan in 3 provinces (into Persan)
Organization of the cultural heritage of Khorasan
Department of the education of the province of Khorasan-e-Razavi (into Persan)
Official site of the mausoleum of the Imam Reza
Town hall of Mashad

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