Ketonic bodies
The ketonic bodies are three chemicals resulting from the incomplete Catabolisme of the Fatty-acids in the Mitochondrie S of the hepathic cells when the organization cannot draw from its reserves of Glucose like energy source.
Their appearance is observed in a physiological way at the time of the Jeûne prolonged, and in a pathological way in the event of diabetes, disease in which the cells become unable to use glucose.
Their presence involves the Acidocétose, a form of Metabolic acidosis whose consequences are sometimes mortals.
The too fast Beta-oxidation of a too great quantity of fatty-acids produces a great quantity of acétylCoA. The acétylCoA is firstly used by the Cycle of Krebs (breathing mitochondriale), but when this last saturates the surplus undergoes the Cétogénèse i.e. the transformation into ketonic bodies.
When the ketonic bodies are in excess, they are excreted of the cell towards the Sang in which they accumulate. The blood ketonic bodies are collected by the cells in which the cycle of Krebs functions with full mode, like the nervous cells, or the cells of the heart. These bodies undergo cellular breathing then. In the event of important excess in blood the ketonic bodies become toxic, they are then excreted in the Urine, or in the air on the level of the lungs or they cause a Halitose (bad breath).
The three ketonic bodies are: Acétoacétate, Béta-hydroxybutyrate and the Acetone. The two first are not properly ketones, but it are produced starting from ketones.
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