Kerosene

see also: Etymology of Kerosene

The kerosene is a cut resulting from the atmospheric distillation of the Pétrole. It is used primarily in the manufacture of fuel for the Aviation (turbojets and turbopropellers), in particular of the Jet A1, the main thing of them.

Produced Refining, one obtains it by racking during distillation and this cut has an initial point ( pi ) of distillation of 150°C (or of 180°C) and one final point ( PF ) of distillation of 225 with 250°C. It must be free from Soufre.

It is the physicist and geologist Abraham Pineo Gesner (1797-1864) who presented in 1846 the first public demonstration of a liquid of lighting that it names “kerosene”. With the departure obtained starting from coal, then of oil, the kerosene is an economic liquid, who supplanted the Huile of whale in the Lampe S with oil; it was called also illuminating Pétrole . This use was abandoned at the time of the advent of the electric bulbs.

Its use in aviation is mainly due to its strong energy capacity, which authorizes a greater autonomy with equal embarked mass, or, in other words, which makes it possible to reduce the total mass to carry with constant autonomy. But it is especially used also in aviation because of its very low freezing point, lower than -50°C, because, in high-altitude, it would be annoying that the fuel is frozen. With 11 000 meters of altitude, one often finds outside temperatures with -65°C.

Some characteristics

The kerosene is a mixture of Hydrocarbure S containing of the Alcane S (C_nH_2n+2) of chemical formula active of C₁₀H₂₂ with C₁₄H₃₀.

Densité_15/4,
Not flash ~51°C,
Point freezing -40 (Jet A) or -47 (Jet A1) °C,
Saybolt Color,
kinematic Viscosity with -18°C in cSt,
kinematic Viscosity with -34,4°C in cSt,
Not of smoke > 25 mm,
sulfur Content in %Pds,
Content of RSH (mercaptans) in ppm,
Not of aniline in °C
Content of metals and Pb metalloids (left per billion, 1x10^-12g/L)
Content of aromatic < 22% vol.

Sources

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