Kazan (emperor)

See also: Kazan (homonymy)

The emperor Kazan (花山天皇, Kazan-tennō , 968 - 1008) was the sixty-fifth emperor Japan, according to the traditional order of the succession, and reigned of 984 with 986.

Genealogy

Before its advent with the Throne of the chrysanthemum, its personal name (its iminia ) was Morosada-shinnō (守平親王).

Morosada-shinnō was the son of the emperor Reizei and thus the brother of the emperor Sanjō.

Wives and concubines

  • Fujiwara No Kishi (Tsuneko), girl of Fujiwara No Tamemitsu and a girl of Fujiwara No Atsutoshi; entry with the palate in 984; imperial wife ( Nyogo ) in 984; died in 985.

  • Fujiwara No Shinshi, girl of Fujiwara No Asateru and a girl of prince Shigeakira; entry with the palate in 984; imperial wife in 984; leave the palate in 985.

  • Enshi Princess, born in 972 and died in 998, girl of prince Tamehira and a girl of prince Takaakira; entry with the palate in 985; imperial wife ( nyogo ) (later married to Fujiwara No Sanesuke)

  • Nakatsukasa, wife of Will conceal No Suketada; mistress of Kazan after her abdication; it had 3 children:

    • Princess, died in 1008
    • Princess, adopted by her maternal aunt Hyobu No Myobu
    • Prince Kiyohito; born in 998 after abdication from his/her father, President of the college of the Critics; titrated imperial prince 6th wire of the emperor Reizei; died in 1030.

  • Will conceal No Heishi, girl of Will conceal No Suketada and of Nakatsukasa; mistress of Kazan after her abdication; it had 3 children:

    • Princess, died in 1008
    • Princess, died in 1008
    • Prince Akinari, born into 998 after abdication from his/her father; Naidaijin (Minister for the Center); titrated imperial prince 5th wire of the Reizei emperor; died in 1035.

Biography

Reign

At the beginning of its reign, emperors Reizei-in and En' yū - in both carried the title of Daijō-tennō.

  • Era Eikan, the 27e of the 8th month (984): In the fifteenth year of the reign of En' yū-tennō (円融天皇 15 年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (the senso ) was received by its nephew, the âiné son of the Reizei emperor. Soon then, it is said that the Kazan emperor, old of only 17 years, reached the throne (the sokui ).

Two years, with died later of his Tsuneko wife, member of the clan Fujiwara, a short political struggle occurs within the Fujiwara clan, following what Fujiwara No Kaneie forces it to abdicate and puts its grandson Ichijō on the throne.

Kazan was a poet of considered Waka , and during its reign it gives to Fujiwara No Kintō the mission of compiling the anthology Shūishū .

Pilgrimage of Bandō

After having abdicated, Kazan becomes Buddhist monk and is withdrawn with the temple of the Gangyō-ji, so known after this time like Kazan-ji. It carries out various Pèlerinage S and “redesigns” the pilgrimage of Kannon, this pilgrimage already having theoretically been rested by a monk of the name of Tokudo Shonin (Certain historians doubt however that Kazan, with its unstable mental health, could not have founded this pilgrimage, thus leaving all the credit to Shonin). This pilgrimage consisted in travelling towards 33 places, located in the eight provinces of the area of Bandō. Kannon would have said to him, in a vision, to visit these 33 sites to be released of the suffering.

The first site of this pilgrimage would be the Sugimito-dera with Kamakura. This site is also the first of the pilgrimage of Kamakura.

Disease and dead

According to many historians, the mental health of Kazan, especially towards the end of its life, is not brilliant. Moreover, the life of monk would have contributed to this degradation. Kazan dies at the 40 years age.

Kazan died in 1008; and it is buried among the " seven tombs impériaux" with the temple of Ryoan-ji to Kyoto. The monticule which commemorates the Kazan emperor is today called “Kinugasa-yama”. The place of the burial of Kazan would have been completely humble during the time after the emperor died. These tombs reached their state of today after the restoration of the imperial sepulchres which were ordered by the emperor Meiji.

Kugyō

The Kugyō (公卿) is a collective name for the most respected men Kuge , the most powerful civils servant at the court imperial, the most important ministers in the Daijō-kan.

At the time of the reign of Kazan, there were ministers like:

Eras of its reign

The years of the reign of En' yū are more specifically identified by more Japanese era or Nengō.
  • Era Eikan (983-985)
  • Era Kanna (985-986)

References

Sources

  • Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). [[Jien] (1221)], Gukanshō; " Future And the Past: translation and study the “Gukanshō,” year interpretive has off history off Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer Mr. Brown & Ichirō Ishida. Berkeley: University off California Near. ISBN 0-520-03460-0

  • Mosher, Governor. (1978). Kyoto: With Contemplative Guide. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle. ISBN 0-8048-1294-2
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō (1652). Japanese O daï itsi ran; or, Annals of the emperors of Japan, tr. by Mr. Isaac Titsingh with the assistance of several interpreters attached to the Dutch counter of Nangasaki; work Re., supplemented and horn. on the original Japanese-Chinese, accompanied by notes and preceded by a mythological Outline of history by Japan, by Mr. J. Klaproth. Paris: Asiatic Society Eastern Translation Fund off Great Britain and Ireland. --'' Two exemplires digitalized of this rare book was now made available on line: (1) of the library of the university of Michigan, digitalized January 30, 2007; and (2) of the library of the university of Stanford, digitalized June 23, 2006. '' You can consult it while clicking here.
  • Varley, H. Paul, ED. (1980). [[Kitabatake Chikafusa] (1359)], Jinnō Shōtōki (" In Chronicle off Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki off Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Near. ISBN 0-231-04940-4

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