Kameyama (emperor)

See also: Kameyama

The emperor Kameyama (亀山天皇, Kameyama Tennō , July 9th 1249 - October 4th 1305) was the 90e emperor Japan, according to the traditional order of the succession, and reigned of the January 9th 1259 with the March 6th 1274. Its personal name was Tsunehito (恒仁). It owes its name of reign with the site of its tomb.

Genealogy

Kameyama was the eighth wire of the emperor Go-Saga. His/her mother was Fujiwara (saionji) No Kisshi (Omiya In).

Empresses and Consorts:

  • Fujiwara No Kisshi ° 1245 † 1272; girl of Fujiwara (Toin) No Saneo; presented in 1260; empress (Kogo); titrated Kyogoku In; of which:

    • First girl: Princess † in low age
    • First wire: Prince † in low age
    • Second wire: Prince Yoshito ° 1267 (emperor Go-Uda)

  • Fujiwara No Kishi ° 1253 † 1318; girl of Fujiwara (saionji) Kinsuke; presented 1260; empress (chugu) 1261; titrated Imadiyama In 1268; nun 1283

  • a girl of Fujiwara (Sanjo) No Sanehira; titrated Dainagon No Suke; lady-in-waiting; mother of:

    • Fourth wire: Prince Ryojo ° 1268 † 1318; abbot of Shoren In; abbot of the tendai 1299-1312
    • Sixth wire: prince Shoe ° 1271; abbot of Myoho In
    • Seventh wire: Prince Kakuun ° 1272 † 1323; abbot of Kajii In
    • Fifth girl: Princess, married Fujiwara (Kujo) Moronori (° 1273 † 1320), wire of Fujiwara No Tadanori

  • Fujiwara No Gashi, girl of Fujiwara No Masahira; titrated Chunagon No Suke; lady-in-waiting; mother of:

    • Second girl: Princess Kishi ° 1273 † 1324; titrated Shokeimon In 1296

  • Fujiwara No Ishi, ° 1262 † 1296; girl of Fujiwara (Konoe) Motohira; nyogo 1275; titrated Shinyomeimon In 1275; mother of:

    • Eighth wire: Prince ° 1276 † 1278
    • Tenth wire: Young prince ° 1279 †

  • a girl of Fujiwara (Toin) No Saneo, German sister of Kisshi; presented 1277; mother of

    • Princess ° 1277; raised by Omiya In

  • Nukigawa Lady, lady's companion of the Kisshi empress; mother of:

    • Princess, married Fujiwara No Iemoto (Konoe) (° 1261 † 1296), wire of Fujiwara No Motohira

  • Princess Ekishi ° 1262 † 1294; girl of the emperor Go Saga and Fujiwara Koto No Naishi; titrated Gojo In 1289; mother of

    • Princess * 1278/9

  • a girl of Fujiwara No Tametsune; titrated Dainagon No Suke; lady-in-waiting; mother of:

    • Ninth wire: Prince Junjo ° 1277 † 1320; abbot of Shogo In
    • Eleventh wire: Prince Jido ° 1282 † 1341; monk 1295; abbot of Twelfth Shorinji 1314
    • wire: Prince Gyonin ° 1283; abbot of Juraku In

  • Shimotsuke, girl of Sokonoma; adopted by Fujiwara No Michimasa; titrated Lady Ro No Onkata; mother of

    • Prince Kanenaga

  • Fujiwara No Jushi, girl of Fujiwara No Kagefusa and a girl of Fujiwara (Saionji) No Kinsuke; titrated Sanuki lady; mother of

    • Prince Sadanaga

  • Fujiwara No Eishi, ° 1273 † 1336; girl of Fujiwara (Saionji) No Sanekane; presented 1301; titrated Shokummon In 1301; nun; of which

    • prince Tsuneaki ° 1303 † 1351

Biography

The Kameyama future becomes crown prince in 1258, before going up on the throne the following year when his/her older brother Go-Fukakusa abdicates in his favor, forced by their father the emperor withdrawn Go-Saga.

In 1265, a Mongolian delegation arrives, sent by Kubilai Khan, after having plundered islands. This delegation asks the Japanese to submit itself to the Mongolian law or to face an invasion. In 1274, Kameyama abdicates in favor of his/her son, the emperor Go-Uda, and begins its reign of withdrawn emperor. During this period, Japan must deal with two attempts at Mongolian invasions, the Shogunat de Kamakura having refused to yield to the requirements of Kubilai. During these attempts at invasions, in 1274 then 1281, Kameyama requests with the Grand Temple of Ise.

However, the Bakufu is wary of Kameyama, and in 1287, encourages Go-Uda to abdicate, and supports the establishment of one of wire of the emperor Go-Fukakusa, who becomes then the emperor Fushimi, which initiates the short period of reign by alternation between the two lines of the Jimyōin-tō (descendants of Go-Fukakusa) and of the Daikakuji-tō (descendants of Kameyama) and puts an end to the withdrawn government of this last.

Later, the prince Hisaaki, one of wire of Go-Fukakusa, becomes Shogun, which reinforces the position of the Jimyōin-tō line. Kameyama, discouraged, then decides to join the priesthood under the name of Kongōgen (金剛源), in 1289, in the sect Zen. This fact makes it possible the Bouddhisme Zen to slowly penetrate within the nobility at court.

Into 1291, it transforms its palate of Kyōto into a Buddhist monastery, the Nanzen-ji.

Eras of its reign

  • Shōgen
  • Bun' ō
  • Kōchō
  • Bun' I.E.(internal excitation)

Sources

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