Kalouga

Kalouga (in) is a town of central Russia, on the river Oka, located at 188  km in the south-west of Moscow. It is the chief town of the Oblast de Kalouga. Its population rose with 341  300 (2007).

History

Kalouga was founded in the middle of the 14th century on the south-western border of the Moscovie. A first mention under this name goes back to 1371. With the the Middle Ages, Kalouga was a small establishment pertaining to princes Vorotynsky, whose ancestral house is in the south-west of the modern city.

Kalouga is connected to Moscow by a railway line and by an old road, known under the name of “  road of Kalouga  ”, and today the European road E105. This road was the way chosen by the troops of Napoleon i to escape from Moscow from the autumn 1812. But the general Koutousov stopped the progression of the French Army in this direction, obliging it to take the old road of Smolensk, which had been devastated by the French during their invasion of Russia.

During the Second world war, Kalouga was taken by the Wehrmacht in October 1941, and was released the December 30th 1941 by the 50e Armée during the counter-offensive launched by the Red Army the December 5th 1941.

Economy

At the time of the Soviet Union, the saving in Kalouga rested on some large factories of the complex-militaro-industrialist, which produced turbines for Sous-marin S with nuclear propulsion and for powerplants, of the engines of planes, the engines for tanks T-80, of military electronics.

Today, Kalouga tries to attract the overseas investments in its new industrial park. In 2006, Volkswagen announced the opening in 2008 of a factory of assembly in Kalouga  ; it must employ 3  500 people and to produce 115  000 vehicles per annum.

Culture

The city has a Museum of State of the history of astronautics Constantin E. Tsiolkovski, dedicated to theoretical work and their practical applications in space research moderne  ; from where the currency of the ville : “  The cradle of exploration spatiale  ”.

Personality

• Constantin Tsiolkovski, pioneer of the Astronautics which was professor with Kalouga.

External bonds

• regional Information.
• Museum of State of the history of astronautics Constantin E. Tsiolkovski, official site.
• Phone book of Kaluga

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