Kalimantan of the South (in Indonésien Kalimantan Selatan ) is a province ( propinsi ) of the Republic of Indonesia. It extends between 1°21' and 4°10' of southern latitude and between 114°19' and 116°33' of longitude is. The province is bordered in the west by that of central Kalimantan and in the east by that of Eastern Kalimantan. Its capital is Banjarmasin.

The surface of the province is of 37.660 km ². Its population was of 2,97 million inhabitants in 2000.

Population

The independent group living Kalimantan of the South are the Malais, which give each other the name of " Banjar". The other groups are Bugis, the Daya (which populate especially the interior), the Javaneses and the Madura is.

History

To 190 km in the north of Banjarmasin is the temple of Crystallized Agung.

The Hikayat Banjar (" history of Banjar"), still called " History of Lambung Mangkurat" , in Malayan is a chronicle, of which the last part was written in 1663. The first part is older. This chronicle tells the history of kings de Banjar in the south-east of Borneo and Kota Waringin in the south of the island, and recalls the origin of the settlement of the south-east of Borneo by the Malayan ones.

Banjarmasin appears among the " regions tributaires" kingdom of Majapahit in the east of Java which the Nagarakertagama quotes, a poem epic writes in 1365 at the time of king Hayam Wuruk (reign 1350-89). One in any case found vestiges of the Majapahit time in the province.

The Islamization of Banjarmasin is supported by the rise of the Moslem kingdom of Demak on the northern coast of Java at the beginning of XVIe century. The VOC ( Vereenigde Oostindische Company or “Dutch Company of the Eastern Indies”) there opens a counter in 1606. In the years 1620, the Agung Sultan of Mataram in Java wants to tackle Banjarmasin and request the naval support of the VOC, which refuses it to him. Banjarmasin will become finally vassal of Mataram but will free itself some in 1659.

In 1733, a fleet of Bugis pirates attacks without Banjarmasin success. The decline of the VOC at the end of the XVIIIe century allows a rebirth of the Asian, Moslem and Chinese sales networks, supporting the development of Banjarmasin.

In 1800, the Dutch government takes again the credits of the VOC, declared in bankruptcy. From 1815, the Dutchmen fight the " pirates malais" who plunder in particular the coasts of Java. These campaigns serve as a pretext for attack the Malayan sultanates, of which Banjarmasin. Between the 1817 and 1821 sultan must yield territories to the Dutchmen, who start to work there coal mines in 1846. In 1859 country prince Antasari and two leaders attack a Dutch mine. The rebellion is repressed but the Dutchmen seize this pretext to deposit the sultan and to take the direct control of the territory.

Territories of Bandjar and Kalimantan of South-east

January 8th, 1947 is created, at the instigation of the Dutchmen, the territory of Kalimantan Tenggara (" Kalimantan of the South-Est"). The Daerah Bandjar (" territory of Bandjar") on January 14th, 1948 is created.

These two territories join the République of the United States of Indonesia formed on December 14th, 1949. They are incorporated in the Republic of Indonesia on April 4th, 1950.

Environment

The National park of Tanjung Puting is located on a peninsula in the south of the province. It contains the 3rd vaster tropical forest of the world. It is the only zone protected from Southeast Asia has to comprise at the same time wetlands, marshes and tropical forest.

Its surface is of 300.000 hectares. Created as and protection zone hunting preserve of the Orang-outang in 1936, it was high with the row of national park in 1982.

Economy

The province remained an important coal producer, thanks to mines put in exploitation in the years 1990. Tutupan produces 18 million tons per annum, Satui and Senakin 11 million tons per annum.

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