Kārlis Ulmanis

Kārlis Ulmanis is a Latvian statesman , born the September 4th 1877, with Berze, in Zemgale, in the south of the Latvia, then under Russian and dead domination the September 20th 1942 in the prison of Krasnovodsk (today Türkmenbaşy), in Soviet Union, currently with the Turkménistan.

Beginnings

After studies of Swiss agronomy in , in the Swiss Institute federal of technology to Zurich, then in Germany at the university of Leipzig, it takes an active part in the Russian revolution of 1905. Constrained with the exile after one short period of detention to Pskov, it takes refuge with the the United States and obtains a diploma for the occupation of agronomist at the university of the Nebraska before being recruited there as teacher.

In 1913, amnestied, it returns to the country. In 1917, at the time of the revolutionary events in Russia, it founds the Union of the Latvian farmers which asserts the independence of the country actively. The November 18th 1918, with other patriots having taken part like him in the foundation of the National council of the Latvian people ( Tautas Padome ), it is those which declare the independence of the Latvia.

Elected official chief of the provisional government of Latvia, it remains at his head until June 1921. During this period, it carries out the fight against the external aggressions German ( Baltische Landeswehr ) or Russian (Russian white and Bolcheviks), supported in that by the France and the Great Britain. It is also in Ulmanis which one owes the installation of a Parliament ( Saeima ) that it convenes for the first time the August 11th 1920.

Ulmanis is again Prime Minister of December 1925 at May 1926 and of March 1931 at December 1932. It finds the capacity more to lose it the March 17th 1934.

dictatorship

The May 15th 1934, within the framework of an extreme deterioration of the economic situation and policy (agitation of the Latvian Nazis, directed by Gustav Celmins and of the communist , whose leaders had found refuge in the USSR), it declares the state of siege with the support of the Général Jānis Balodis.

All left, as well as the Parlement are dissolved. From 1936, scratch date of the mandate of the president Alberts Kviesis, Ulmanis cumulates the functions of Prime Minister and President and takes the title of Tautas Vadonis ( Latvian Chef of the Nation in , title equivalent to German Fuhrer in and Italian Duce in ).

On the economic plan, the external Trade, largely trbutaire of the the USSR at the beginning of the Years 1930, is diversified (Germany; the United Kingdom); GDP knows an important rise.

For this period, the Latvia obtained the best results in the fight against the Analphabétisme in Europe.

In foreign politics, It signs a military treaty of alliance with the Estonia and the Lithuania (the Baltic Entente). But the 3 Baltic States are given to the the USSR , by the Pacte Molotov-Ribbentrop (August 23rd 1939), the the USSR obliges, by a threat of invasion, the 3 Countries to accept an occupation miltaire area and the transfer of several military bases.

After the Soviet invasion the June 17th 1940 (makes some, the Russian army already stationed in Latvia takes the to be able , constant by the Latvian Communistes), Ulmanis is stopped the July 21st and is off-set in Soviet Union. It dies there the September 20th 1942.

After its death

Karlis Ulmanis remains a very popular person in Latvia.

During the Soviet occupation (1944 - 1991), It was described by the Communist regime as being a fascistic Dictateur (like the near total of the enemies of the Communisme).

In 2003, a statue of the former Head of the State was inaugurated with Riga, the capital of the country, in the presence of the Prime Minister of the time, Einars Repse.

Its nephew Guntis Ulmanis was the President of the Republic of Latvia of the July 7th 1993 with the July 8th 1999.

See

- Pēteris Stučka

- War of Latvian independence (1918 - 1920)

Be-X-old: КарлісУлманіс

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