Kératoacanthome
The Kératoacanthome (KA) is an epithelial tumor enough benign attends, that one regarded formerly as an alternative of carcinome of squameux cell (SCC).
The etiology is unknown.
No sequence DNA of human Papillomavirus was discovered in the lesions by the Chain reaction by polymerase. It is about a disease of elderly (Middle Age: 64 years) with an annual incidence rate of 104 per 100.000.
It is not associated with an internal malignity. There can be a seasonal variation of the kératoacanthome which suggests that the ultraviolet rays have an important effect on the development of the kératoacanthome.
The kératoacanthomes can develop with the site of former traumatisms. In the majority of the cases they are of type “cratériforme”, they grow quickly then regress of themselves.
Less than 2% belong to the rare destructive alternatives without regression and invading growth persistent. One speaks then about keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum and kératoacanthomes mutilating which can have consequences graves.
The kératoacanthome starts in the form of a smooth Papule, in the form of dome, red and resembling molluscum contagiosum. In a few weeks the tumor can develop quickly, reach 1 or 2 centimetres and lead to a central crater filled with Kératine and often filled with a crust. While increasing it keeps a smooth surface, unlike a Carcinome of squameux cell. In the absence of treatment, the growth stops within approximately 6 weeks and the tumor remains unchanged for one period of variable duration.
In the majority of case it regresses then slowly within 2 to 12 months and often cures by leaving marks. The members, particularly the hands and the arms, exposed to the sun, are the most usual site; the trunk comes in second position, but the kératoacanthome can occur on any surface of the skin, including the anal area. Occasionally multiple kératoacanthomes, or a simple lesion appear which extends on more few centimetres. These alternatives resist the treatment.
The kératoacanthome was formerly regarded as a benign tumor introducing a very malignant appearance (pseudomalignity), but one looks at it now in a completely opposite way as a cancer which resembles a benign tumor (pseudobenignity). The kératoacanthome is a malignity stopped in its development and which seldom progresses until becoming an invading lesion. The kératoacanthome can be used as marker for the syndrome of Muir-Torre, result of a gene causing a bad repair of the mésappariements of the DNA
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