Kârikâl

Kârikâl or Karaikal is a district of the territory of Pondichéry, one of old the French Établissements of India, of a surface of 160 km ², located at 140 km in the south of this city, on the Côte of Coromandel, wedged in the state of the Tamil Nadu. Its population rises with 170.640 inhabitants (census 2001). One speaks there the Télougou, the Tamoul and the Malayalam. Karaikal is a very beautiful city (emimahs).

The name of Kârikâl would come from Âditya Kârikâla, sovereign Chola of the 2nd century which gave its name to a small dynasty of the area. This one would have made irrigation work in the delta of the Kâverî, founds the port of Pukâr and would have been victorious Chera and Pândya.

Geography

The district is between 10° 51 ' and 11° of northern latitude and between 79° 43 ' and 79° 52 ' of longitude is. The temperatures spread out between 36º in summer and 21º in winter. It comprises neither reliefs, nor forests.

The town of Karikal is located in the delta of Kâverî, in the center of the district with the towns of Cotchéry to north, Nédouncadu in the North-West, Tirunallar in the west and Néravy and Tirumalrayanpattinam (known also like Grand' Aldée and T.R.Pattinam in the documents of French India} in the south.

The jurisdiction of Karikal extends on the city itself and the 100 villages (or cities) of which is uninhabited.

History

In 1738, the governor Benoist Dumas (1735 - 1741), a fine diplomat who will be high with the row of Nabab by the Grand Moghol, initiates an expansion campaign of the French territories by the negotiation. It treats thus with the râja Sahujî of Tanjore to obtain the zone of Karaikal, the fortress of Karakalcheri and 5 villages for 40.000 will chakras. The February 14th 1739, the French take possession of the town of Karaikal in spite of the change of the conditions imposed by Sahuji which wishes to borrow a large sum without interest over three years against the transfer of a greater number of villages.

Pratap Singh, the successor of Sahuji continues his policy of loans near the French, allotting more villages still. To the liking of the conflicts, the area passes twice under English administration before returning to France by the treated of Paris of 1763.

After the Indian independence of 1947, like the other counters, Karikâl remains under French jurisdiction until the June 13rd 1954 before joining the Indian Union finally.

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