Junkers Ju 88

Conceived in Germany in 1935 by Junkers as a bomber average and fast, the Junkers Ju 88 was the most general-purpose apparatus of the Luftwaffe and probably of all the history of aviation. The Junkers Ju 88 entered in service Luftwaffe in 1939. Plane with median aerofoil of construction entirely metal, fast, handy and appreciated crews, Ju 88A was used at the same time for the dive bombing, the horizontal bombardment and torpedoing. It was used in an intensive way in the operations carried out by Germany above France, of Belgium, of England, of Balkans, the Mediterranean and the Soviet Union. Of Ju basic 88A many alternatives were extrapolated, whose last, Ju 88S, posted a top speed of 615 km/h. Many versions transfer the day, of which the hunters Ju 88C (day and night), Ju 88R (idem) and Ju 88G (night) which had the first embarked Radar S and them reconnaissance aircraft Ju 88D and Ju 88T, as well as other less important alternatives (Ju 88H). Almost 15 000 Ju 88 were produced during the Second world war. Of Ju 88 were employed like lower component of the system Mistel. Ju 88 is one of the rare planes having fought in first line of the first at the last day of the war (for Luftwaffe, the others are Ar 196, the Bf 109, the Bf 110, the He 111, the Ju 52 and the Ju 87).

Features

Ju 88 A-4

Use: bomber able to bombard in piqué
Scale: 20,08 m
Length: 14,40 m
Height: 4,85 m
wing Surface: 54,5 m ²
Driving: two Jumo Junkers 211 J V12 of 1 410 ch each one
Maximum speed: 470 km/h
Plafond practice: 8.200 m
Autonomy: 2.730 km (without bombs)
max. Mass on takeoff: 14.000 kg
Crew: four
Armament:

Five machine-guns cal. 7,92 mm MG 81
a machine-gun cal. 13 mm MG 131
Up to 500 kg of bombs inside (ten bombs of 50 kg)
Up to 3.000 kg of bombs outside:

Four supports under the wings for bombs of a weight up to 1.000 kg (towards the interior) and 500 kg (towards outside)

Ju 88 C-6 (1942-44)

Use: Fighter-bomber/Attack on the ground ( Zerstörer ) (C-6a) and hunter of night (C-6b)

Scale: 20,08 m
Length: 14,36 m
Height: 5,05 m
wing Surface: 54,53 m ²
Wing load: 224 kg/m ²
Driving: two Jumo Junkers 211 J V12 of 1 410 ch each one
Mass in load: 12.332 kg
Maximum speed: 494 km/h to 5300 m
max. Ceiling: 9.900 m
Climbing speed: 540 m/min
Autonomy: 1.050 km (without additional tanks)
C6a Armament:

a gun of 20 mm MG FF/M and three machine-guns MG 17 in the nose

a mobile machine-gun of 7.92 mm MG 81Z (MG 81 twinned) or a machine-gun of 13 mm MG 131 tie backwards

in option in the ventral gondole: two guns frontal MG FF/M (Attack on the ground) or

in option in the ventral gondole: a machine-gun of 7.92 mm MG 81Z or 13 mm MG 131 tie backwards (fighter-bomber)

500 kg of bombs inside, up to outside 2.000 kg (fighter-bomber)

C-6b Armament:

Three guns of 20mm MG FF/M in the nose and the ventral nacelle like three machine-guns of 7.92mm MG 17 in the nose

a mobile machine-gun of 7.92 mm MG 81Z (MG 81 twinned) or a machine-gun of 13 mm MG 131 tie backwards

in option (later running) two guns of 20 mm MG 151/20 in the fuselage drawing towards before-high with 60°

C-6b Radar:

model initial possibly without radar or with infra-red apparatus of vision

FuG 202 Lichtenstein B/C (at the end of 1942) m FuG 212 Lichtenstein C1 (semi-1943), FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN2 (at the beginning of 1944)

FuG 350 Naxos-Z as a receiver passive radar

Ju 88 G-6 (1944-45)

Use: hunter of night
Length: 15,55 m (16,50 m with the radar)
Height: 4,85 m
Scale: 20,08 m
wing Surface: 54,53 m ²
Wing load: 239 kg/m ²
Driving: two Junkers Jumo 213 has V12 of 1 750 ch each one
Maximum speed: 625 km/h
max. Ceiling: 10.000 m
Climbing speed: 505 m/min
Autonomy: 2.250 km (with additional tanks)
max. Mass on takeoff: ~14 500 kg
Armament:

Four guns of 20 mm MG 151/20 frontals and a mobile machine-gun of 13 mm MG 131 tie towards back-high the

Two guns of 20 mm MG 151/20 in the back of the fuselage drawing towards before-high with 60°

Radar (active):

FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN2 (Standard), some possibly with FuG 228 Lichtenstein SN3 (late/very rare) or

FuG 218 Neptun V/R with detection of enemy hunters of very late Model night

with FuG 240 " Berlin" (May 1945 April, approximately 30 specimens built/modified))

Radar (passive):

FuG 350 Naxos-Z for the detection of emissions " H2S"

FuG 227 Flensburg for the detection of emissions " Monica"

Other versions

Ju 88 D: reconnaissance aircraft, drifted from the series has, with a greater autonomy or photo equipment, max. speed approx. 560 km/h,
Ju 88 H: hunter large operating range, for missions above the sea - lengthened fuselage.
Ju 88 P: destructor of bombers, modification of bombers of the series has, with guns of 37,50 and 75 mm, few specimens built following engineering problems.
Ju 88 R: hunter of night improved, fuselage of C-6 with engines BMW 801.
Ju 88 S: fast bomber with an aerodynamic nose out of glass and without gondole, therefore with less defensive armament and engines BMW 801 (max. speed approx. 600 km/h, envisaged use above the England and the face of the west; available as from spring 1944)
Ju 88 T: reconnaissance aircraft, derived from Ju 88 S, few built specimens.
Ju 188 : evolution towards bomber (A-1 &. E-1)/destroyer 188 (E-2)/Reconnaissance aircraft (D &. F)
Ju 288: evolution towards bomber/reconnaissance aircraft (driving: Jumo 222, which was never produced in series) as a participation of Junkers in the program of bombers " B". A total failure.
Ju 388 : evolution towards bomber/reconnaissance aircraft/hunter of night for high-altitudes

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