Julie-Victoire Daubié

Julie-Victoire Daubié (born the March 26th 1824 with Bath-the-Baths (the Vosges) and deceased the August 26th 1874 with Fontenoy-the-Castle) is the first French woman having obtained the right to present itself to the baccalaureat, in Lyon in 1861.

Biography

Julie-Victoire Daubié is born in the house known as of the Clerks of the Royal Manufacture of Bath-the-Baths where his/her father occupies the functions of accountant then of cash clerk. Fore-mentioned Julie-Victoire with the civil statue, one calls it Victoire, usual first name of her mother to the daily newspaper. Julie is the first name of her older sister who is at the Marie-Julie registry office. Eighth child of its phratry, his father dies when it has twenty month, he is buried in the vault of his family with Fontenoy. The mother and the children then join Fontenoy-the-Castle where the paternal family of Julie-Victoire resides. The inscription of his/her brothers and sisters on the parochial registers of Fontenoy shows that the children follow to them Catéchisme there.

She is resulting from the catholic lower middle class fontenaicastrienne. The families Colleuil and Daubié illustrated themselves under Terror by hiding priests. His/her paternal grandfather is Siméon-Florentin Daubié, clerk of justice and former trader who saw his revenues now. His/her maternal grandfather Jean-Nicolas Colleuil after having sold the forging mills of the Mill flaring and Bridge-of-Wood is the director of the forging mills of Buyer to Chaudeau. Contrary to the legend, it worked forever in the workshops of the Royal tinplate Manufacture of Bath-the-Baths. Its name never appears on the registers of establishment of working booklet. It is certain that it côtoyé and saw at the welfare office of Fontenoy the misery of the workmen of countryside, the sad condition of the servants and the unpleasant fate reserved to the unmarried mothers. Perhaps there it will draw the inspiration of its test the poor Woman at the 19th century which enables him to gain the first price of the contest of the imperial Académie of Lyon in 1859. This question of contest will become the poor Woman at the 19th century, by a woman pauvre" with the 2nd edition of the work and the World Fair of Paris in 1867 will crown a second version of the poor Woman to the .

The August 31st 1844, it obtains the “certificate of competence”, patent of teaching, obligatory for all since the law of June 28th 1833. The Loi Falloux on March 15th, 1850 will make this patent obligatory for the teaching laymen whereas, on simple presentation of a certificate of membership of a congregation (the Lettre of Obedience ) the nuns, are exempted by it. Nevertheless, the Law Falloux, although supporting a catholic teaching of state, requires the creation of an academy per department and fact obligation of the communes of more than 800 inhabitants to open a school of girls. Julie-Victoire Daubié protests against the lack of qualification of certain nuns to teach and not against a catholic teaching.

After having studied the Greek and the Latin with his/her brother abbot, it presents his candidature for the baccalaureat for the University of Paris, candidature refused for the only pretext which it is woman. However, no text prohibits to the women the access to the University. After multiple steps, with the assistance of François Barthelemy Arlès-Dufour, a Saint-Simonian and industrialist Lyon be born very influential in the academic mediums and at the imperial court, and, strong of its success to the Lyons contest of 1859, it ends up obtaining its inscription in Lyon.

Lastly, the August 16th 1861, it obtains its baccalaureat by adding up six red balls, three white balls, a black ball. This system of balls was the means of vote of the professors inspectors. In this time, they did not calculate an average. A red ball meant favorable opinion, white ball, an abstention, black, an unfavorable opinion. But it will await its diploma a long time. Applicant whom he “would ridicule the ministry for the State education”, the minister Gustave Rouland refuses to sign it. One needs a pressing intervention of Arlès-Dufour near the entourage of the empress Eugenie so that the order is given to this minister to affix his signature with the bottom of the diploma.

It buys in the center of Fontenoy the vast house of Charlotte de Huvé where, into good saint-simonienne, it installs an office of contractor of white embroidery (Broderie of Fontenoy-the-Castle), imitating in that his/her Julie sister already contractor in 1852. She will entrust management of it to her Mathilde niece since Julie-Victoire comes in Fontenoy only for the beautiful season. This house was demolished during the boring of the Canal of the East.

Julie-Victoire, become economic journalist, lives with Paris, Avenue Fields-Élysées. Although it cannot attend the courses (the examination is accessible to the women, but the courses are still prohibited to them), it makes a success of its license arts the October 28th 1872. It decides to prepare a thesis whose subject will be the Condition of the woman in the Roman company . It will not conclude this work of thesis its. The same year, it is established in Fontenoy to take care on her sick mother.

She will be deeply assigned by prohibition to the sale, by way of hawking, three works that her association for " progressive emancipation of the femme" chaired by Arlès-Dufour and of which it is vice-president, published.

The following year, on August 25th, 1874 towards 17:00, Julie-Victoire (… in her alive contractor of embroidery wrote the notary in its inventory after death) dies. It is buried with Fontenoy-the-Castle on August 28th. It rests with her Julie sister and her nieces Mathilde and Louise Daubié. Its tomb is always visible. She leaves with her brothers and sister a succession more than comfortable, two houses, titles of the actions, etc Her only brother unmarried, that which is priest, deals with the expenses of burial. Contrary to the legend, there exists any trace neither with the parochial files, nor with the files diocésaines attesting of an unspecified difficulty to give him Christian funeral. The parochial register of Fontenoy mentions ordinary funeral service.

It will have shared its life between its fights for the respect and the right place of the woman in the contemporary company (Mariage, work conditions, remuneration, Right to vote, etc), its engagements in the movements of the history of the time and its work of préceptrice, its political relations, journalistic and friendly (Jules Simon, Leon Richer, Marie d' Agoult, etc). She impassions herself for the Zoologie, Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire obtains to him a special permit of the Director of the National Museum of Natural history of Paris so that she comes to study in the galleries out of the opening hours to the public. It is also known that it held a Herbier since it makes of them to gift with a paralyzed young girl Miss Mathieu. The commission of the education of the Commune of Paris worked on ideas that it divided like the school exemption from payment, the training leading to qualification of the teachers, the equality of wages between men and women. The reading of the Official journal of the Commune of Paris never quotes its name like present at a commission. Julie-Victoire Daubié, like a ticket of Maurice Aubry lawyer and Vosgean journalist, appointed government Thiers lets it think, spends this time disturbed to Fontenoy.

The militant feminist

Victoire Daubié is a moralist, a feminist economist by her nature even. She leaves the memory of her tenacity in the fight for the recognition many right with the women. In addition to its combat for their access to teaching and an effective professional training, she is concerned with equal wages with equal work and militates for the right to vote of the women which, according to her, moraliserait the political life, she takes the defense of the private hybrid children of rights, like the women by the Code Napoleon. Its combat fits in the modernistic current of thought of the second empire which with its pioneers like, Eugenie de Montijo, Elisa Lemonnier, Michel Chevallier, François Barthélemy Arlès-Dufour, the Trèlat husbands, Rosa Bonheur, to quote only these, which precedes the 20th century. If she does not see a sound living the result of her fights, she has nevertheless satisfaction to be recognized of a certain merit. The medal which it receives with the World Fair of 1867 is decreed with the poor Woman only on the reputation of its author. Indeed the book was not presented by the editor and even less by the author.

Homages

Today, eight school S, two colleges whose that of Baths the Baths and a college bear its name to France.

One also counts two places including one with Fontenoy-the-Castle, where of drew up the house of Siméon-Florentin Daubié and a passage Julie-Victoire Daubié. The Town hall of Paris and the mayor of the 13^e district wish to give the name of Julie Daubié to a street of this district.

The municipality of Fontenoy inaugurated in 1997, on the pinion of a house of the place, a giant fresco representing Julie-Victoire Daubié passing her baccalaureat. The medal of honor of the town of Fontenoy-the-Castle is also struck with the effigy of its heroin.

The minister of education main road with a living room Julie-Victoire Daubié.

Reference

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