Jules Violates

Jules Louis Gabriel Violates , born with Langres the November 16th 1841 and died with Fixin the September 12th 1923, is a French physicist.

Biography

Wire and grandson of mathematicians, it is received with the entrance examination of the Polytechnic school and the National university, which it chooses in 1861. Receipt with the contest of aggregation of physics in 1865, it teaches with Besancon and Dijon, then with the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris. Whereas he teaches in Dijon, he is recalled to Paris by Louis Pasteur, who had been struck by his intelligence at the time of his schooling at the National university. He grants to him a place of aggregate-preparer at Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers then, one year after, the laboratory of the National university.

Science doctor in 1870, his thesis relates to the mechanical equivalent of the calorie consisting in using the rise in temperature produced by the Eddy current in a metal mass moving in a magnetic field. The jury was chaired by Paul Desains. In 1875, it is named professor with the Faculty of Science of Grenoble, where it accommodates Jules Macé de Lepinay. In 1883 (?), it is named professor with the Faculty of Science of Lyon, then university lecturer at the National university with died of Pierre-Auguste Bertin in 1884. It directs the physics laboratory there where Henri Abraham, Pierre Weiss, Aimé Cotton and Jean Perrin complete their research tasks for the doctorate. It is named full professor of the pulpit of physics applied to the Conservatoire national of arts and trades in 1891, following Edmond Becquerel.

He is elected member of the Academy of Science in 1897, succeeding Hippolyte Fizeau.

The searchs for Jules Violle relate to mainly the Radiométrie, the Photométrie and the Calorimétrie.

In 1875, it carries out on the Mont Blanc the first measurements of the solar constant. In 1881, at the time of the international Congress of the electricians in Paris, he proposes a standard for the luminous intensity corresponding to the light emitted by 1 square cm of platinum in fusion (1 Viol = 20.17 Cd). He is the inventor of the calorimeter with cooling, basic principle of the bottle thermos flask.

Jules Violle chairs the French company of photography of 1906 to 1908, succeeding Aimé Laussedat. He is one of the founders of the Institute of optics theoretical and applied (SupOptique) and he is member of the Superior council of the state education.

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