Jules Grévy
Jules Grévy , born the August 15th 1807 with Mount-under-Vaudrey (the Jura) and dead the September 9th 1891 in the same commune, was a statesman French, president of the Republic of 1879 with 1887.
Biography
Origins
It was born in a family with the republican convictions. Its republican ideal rests on an impersonal capacity, exerted by an assembly.
Its beginnings
After brilliant studies with the college of the Arc with Pares, it obtains a license of right to Paris and becomes lawyer. It publishes, in 1836, a general collection of formulas for all the judicial documents, Litigious the . Under the Monarchy of July, he pleads at the time of political lawsuits against the monarchists.He Marie with Paris the August 29th 1848 with Coralie Is milled, girl of a tanner of Narbonne, of which he had a girl, Alice (1849-1938). Jules Ferry will be the witness of the marriage of his daughter with Daniel Wilson, in 1881. Its political career begins following the revolution from 1848: it is named police chief of the Republic in the Jura by the government resulting from the revolution of 1848 then it is elected appointed of the Jura in April 1848, at the constituent assembly. At the time of the debates relating to the development of the Constitution, he proposes “the Grévy amendment”, against the election of the president of the republic to the Vote for all, which is pushed back. This amendment showed its refusal to legitimate the capacity of only one person above all, in the executive. In 1849, Jules Grévy is elected at the legislative assembly, then vice-president of this one. December 2nd, 1851, at the time of the coup d'etat, it is stopped, then finally released, and turns over to the bar. He is elected member of the council about lawyers of the Bar of Paris in 1862, then, in 1868, barristers president about lawyers.
Towards IIIème Republic
It returns to the policy at the end of the second Empire: appointed elected official of the Jura in 1868, it sits in the opposition. He is hostile, with Gambetta and Thiers, with the declaration of war against Germany in 1870. In February 1871, he is elected president of the National Assembly until his resignation in April 1873. He will entrust the capacity to Thiers at the time of the insurrection of the commune, which he condemns. He is president of the House of Commons as from 1876. Moderated republican, it will become in charge of the direction of the Republican party with died of Thiers, in 1877. He is first once candidate with the presidential election of 1873.
President of the Republic
January 30th, 1879, the president Mac-Mahon resigns. The very same day, the members of Parliament elect Jules Grévy with the presidency of the Republic. He announces that he will never go against the popular will, and in fact, the exercise of the right of dissolution gives up. The constitutional prerogatives, compromised by Mac-Mahon, are put at the variation, to preserve the separation of the function of the executive and the legislature. One speaks then about “Grévy constitution”, for the weakening of the executive (Presidents of the republic and the council), with the profit of a parliamentary republic.
During its mandate, its competition with Gambetta appears insofar as he endeavors to draw aside it from the presidency of the council, this one sat only 73 days with the “Great ministry”. In foreign policy, it is shown very attached to peace, which was worth a conflict with the incipient boulangism to him, Revanchard against Germany. He is also opposed to the colonial expansion. In interior policy, it supports anticlericals measurements of its ministers (Jules Ferry against the teaching of the congregations, political anticlerical of the President of the Council Charles de Freycinet)
Grévy is re-elected with the presidency of the republic at the end of its septennate, in 1885.
It is at the time of the death of Victor Hugo, on May 22nd, 1885, that it decides to return to the the Pantheon of Paris the statute of republican temple, statute which it since then preserved. Funeral will be organized there on June 1st, 1885.
In 1887 bursts the Scandale of decorations: the son-in-law of the president, Daniel Wilson was convinced of trading of favors. He sold nominations in the Ordre of the Legion of honor. The rooms force Grévy with the resignation then on December 2nd. This business contributed to nationalist agitation.
Death
Jules Grévy dies on September 9th 1891 with Mount-under-Vaudrey. There remains the symbol of the installation of the republican ideas in the political institutions, and the manner of exerting the president's function of the republic. It was Franc-maçon.
Anecdote
Having received a Specimen of a new species of Zebra, in 1882, it made of it gift with the Botanical garden. One then named this species Zèbre of Grévy.
Chronology
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