Juego

Cherbourg-Octeville (pronunciation: //) is a common French, located in the department of the Manche and the area Basse-Normandie. It results from the fusion of the towns of Cherbourg and Octeville in the year 2000.

Geography

Located at the north of the Cotentin, with the mouth of the Divette, 120 kilometers of the English coasts, Cherbourg-Octeville is more the big city of the department of the Manche. It results from the fusion of the two communes of Cherbourg (/) and Octeville (/).

Cherbourg and Octeville belonged formerly to the Doyenné of the La Hague, delimited by the Divette. Since 1811, part of Tourlaville, which belonged to the deanery of Saire, called “Mielles”, was integrated into the territory cherbourgeois: the Pasteur hospital and the church Saint-Clement are built there. In 1786, part of Équeurdreville was also united in Cherbourg, during the construction of the port, then in 1802, part of Octeville. Cherbourg-Octeville is thus today at the same time in La Hague and the Valley of Saire.

The territory cherbourgeois was also gained on the sea, such as the unit Chantereyne and the quay level of Mielles. Built with the sea level, the city developed with the foot of the mountain of Rolls (culminating point of the old commune) and of Fauconnière. Octeville is an old rural district, made up of hamlets, from which the borough extended as from the 19th century and whose territory strongly urbanizes since 1950, in particular around ZUP of the Provinces and the university site.

In Norman Cotentinais, these two cities are called Tchidbouo (pronunciation: /) and Otteville (pronunciation: //): their inhabitants are the Tchidbouorqŭais and the Ottevillais (pronunciation: /and //).

Demography

Population (in 2004): 44  108 inhabitants (of which initially 17  358 for the old commune of Octeville, the population in 1999 was recencé with 42.318 inhabitants for the communes of Cherbourg and Octeville), agglomeration 91  717 inhabitants, urban surface 117  855 inhabitants.

The population of Cherbourg-Octeville, first city of the Handle, accounts for 9% of the departmental population, that of the urban community, 18%.

Since fusion between Cherbourg and Octeville, in February 2000, the inhabitants name Cherbourgeois-Octevillais. Before this one, the inhabitants of Cherbourg are called the Cherbourgeois and those of Octeville are the Octevillais . It is probable that with fusion, this last disappears little by little with the profit from “Cherbourgeois”, like “Équeurdrevillais” (or sometimes “Équeurdrais”) for the common neighbor of Équeurdreville-Hainneville, amalgamated in 1965.

Heraldic

The blazon of Cherbourg carries of azure to the money fasce charged with three serrated rollers to six sand rays, accompanied by three besants by gold, two as a chief, one at a peak .

The money fasce charged with the serrated rollers (stars) represents the belt of the Virgin Mary, one of the two owners of the city. Their number, like that of the Besant S, evoking the Trinity, the other owner of the city. The gold besants would be the expression of the repurchase of the prisoners, symbolizing the participation of notable the cherbourgeois in the Third crusade.

According to Victor the Direction, the blazon of Cherbourg would have appeared at the end of the 12th century, at the time of the Crusades. The stars would have been added to the 18th century. Under the Empire, it was supplemented by a frankly district of the towns of second class which is with dextral of azure with a gold NR, surmounted by a radiant star of same, stitching with the ninth of the ecu .

The blazon of Octeville, used as logo until the fusion of the two communes, is sinople to the money mantel charged with two sand capital letters “O” to dextral, “V” with sinistral, the chief of mouths to a gold leopard armed and lampassé of azure . Today, the municipality of Cherbourg-Octeville uses a Logo, initially that of Cherbourg, composed by a gull on a musical range.

History

Origins and etymology

During the Middle Ages, the city was called Carusburc , after having successively borne the names of Coesaris burgus and Caroburgus and sometimes Cherebertum . In 1056, it bore the name of Caris bourc , Coesaris burgus at the end of the 11th century, then towards 1315 Chiérebourt and Chiérebourg as old French, Chirburg in English. The name of Cherbourg is not definitively fixed at the end of the 16th century.

Carusburg would mean as a Scandinavian “fortress of the marsh”, kjars (marsh) and of borg (castle, strengthened city), resulting from Latin burgum .

The Coriallo antique of the Unelles, quoted in the Itinéraire of Antonin and Latinized in Coriallum, whose Gallic etymology would have the same significance, could be localized according to Robert Lerouvillois, between Cherbourg and Tourlaville, on Mielles. However, of the doubts remain because of the lack of precision of the Table of Peutinger, and certain authors place the city towards Urville-Nacqueville or Beaumont-La Hague, while others, like Claude Pithois, think that they were an agglomeration Celtic villages protected by the La Hague-Dick on the territory from Omonville-la-Rogue, Digulleville and Omonville-the-Small.

The name of Octeville appears as for him in 1063, in a charter of Guillaume Bastard the, in connection with equipments made with collegial of Cherbourg.

The Middle Ages: a fortified town

The date of foundation of Cherbourg cannot be fixed precisely, even if the vestiges of Coriallo tend to locate it at the time of the Celts. There exists a Castrum on left bank of Divette since at least the 4th century.

In 497, the city is yielded with the whole of the Armorique to Clovis. After several Norman plunderings at the 9th century, Cherbourg is attached to the Duché of Normandy with the Avranchin and the Cotentin, in 933, by Guillaume Long-Sword. In 946, a fleet of 60 veils unloads there, carried out by Danish king Harold, driven out its grounds to help Richard Ier of Normandy, still minor against Louis IV of France. The castle, one of most important of the time, is mentioned in 1027, like element of the dowry at the time of the marriage of Richard III. In 1053, the city is one of the four important places of the duchy chosen by William the Conqueror, so that the hospital, frame close to the brook of Bucaille towards 436 per Saint-Éreptiole, first bishop of Coutances, receives a revenue with perpetuity dedicated to the maintenance of a hundred the poor.

Under the dukes of Normandy, Cherbourg was, with Rouen and Caen, one of the commercial ports most important of the duchy, exchanging primarily with England. In 1150, the duke of Normandy Henri Plantagenet grants to Cherbourg the privilege to trade once per annum with Ireland. Being given its strategic position, the city strengthened by Philippe Beautiful the, is very disputed between English and French lasting the Guerre One hundred Year old. It changes six times of owners, following transactions, never by the weapons. Given by Jean the Good to Charles the Bad, then sold with Richard II of England, it is besieged in vain by Bertrand of Guesclin. Richard II resells the city with Charles Noble the, which exchanges it with Charles VI against the county of Nemours. In 1418, following a long seat, the city goes to the English. Besieged once more without success by Charles VII, Cherbourg is definitively attached to France in 1450, following an agreement concluded by Jacques Cœur. Because of the sufferings of the population cherbourgeoise, and against the depopulation of the fortified town, Louis XI exempts the inhabitants of taxes in 1464, which will be the rule until the reign of Louis XV.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the city undergoes three waves of Peste (in 1504,1514 and 1517). In 1532, Cherbourg receives the visit of François Ier. At that time, Cherbourg is described to us by Gilles de Gouberville like a strengthened city of 4.000 inhabitants, protected by drawbridges with the three doors principal, kept permanently and closed to lay down sun to the paddle. Inside the ramparts, the castle, itself protected by broad ditches and provided with a keep and twelve turns, occupied the south-east of the city. Outside, the suburb was held along Divette, in the south of the ramparts, and was attended by the sailors.

Vis-a-vis the wars of religion which divide Normandy at the end of the 16th century, “Cherbourg the only city of the countries where Huguenots not of public sermon, and where heresy repugnant no family”. In 1562, whereas the Protestants make themselves main of the majority of the Normans cities, Montgomery prepares the head office of Cherbourg, and Matignon its defense. The confrontation is however fallen through by the signature of the edict of Amboise of March 19th 1563. In 1574, Réformés takes Falaise, Argentan and Transfers. Helped of the English, Montgomery unloads in Hougue with the head of several thousands of men, and takes Valognes Carentan, Saint-Lo and Domfront. Incompetent to defend all Cotentin, Matignon concentrates his forces on the fortress of Cherbourg, consolidated and strongly kept, and the Protestants are satisfied to devastate the abbey of the Wish, located out of the ramparts.

In thanks as of his services, Henri III names Matignon lieutenant-general of Normandy and governor of Cherbourg in 1578, then marshal the following year. This one reinforces defenses cherbourgeoises by strengthening the suburbs. With his death, his/her son takes again the load of governor of Cherbourg, like his descendants, until half of the 18th century. In 1588, the middle-class men remain also faithful to the king when Normandy is held by the catholic Ligue, except for Caen and Dieppe. In the same way, they are of a fidelity without fault with Henri IV. Thus, on April 4th, 1591, they put in failure the projects of Norman slingers carried out by Of Tourp. The King rewards the city by granting privileges in 1594 to him.

The plague touches the city in the Années 1620, particularly sharp in 1626.

XVIIe-XIXe: a military port

In 1686, Vauban decides, after inspection of the coasts, to reinforce the fortification of the city. But its opponents, of which Louvois, manages three years later to convince the King to stop work, and to even shave the remaining fortifications not to run the risk to leave with the hands of the English a solid fortified town.

Six years later, the protection of this port of Cotentin is cruelly lacking with the Admiral de Tourville at the time of the missed attempt at fold of the Bataille of Hougue. Damaged at the time of the Battle of Barfleur, and not having any port able to protect them, three of the ships of the fleet are failed in bay of Cherbourg: the Triumphing at the entry over the port, Admirable the over Mielles, and the Royal Sun , flagship, over the point of Hommet. The Sunday the 1st er June 1692, in front of many idlers come from North-Cotentin, and whereas the priest moved the mass outside, vis-a-vis the battle, the British scathing attacks set fire to the three buildings. Powder stocks explode, the bodies of the sailors and the remains strew the beach and the streets with the city, while the roof of the basilica of the Trinity is destroyed by the explosion of the Triumphing .

In 1739, engineer Hüe of Caligny, director as a chief of public works of the province of Normandy, undertakes to build a commercial port (today on the level of the Divette place), with a lock. But it is devastated in 1758 by an English attack under the orders of the Bligh general and the admiral Howe. The new basin commercial is arranged in 1769 and is inaugurated in 1775, after the diversion of the Divette.

As from 1758, following the “Great disturbance”, Cherbourg accommodates an important colony of Acadiens, driven out of Canada by the English troops. They will remain in misery, and 163 of the 228 leave in 1773 for the Poitou.

In 1776, at the request of Louis XVI, a commission under the aegis of Suffren, joining together in particular Dumouriez, future governor of the place, and Bretonnière, is charged to choose the strategic port for the defense of the coasts of the Manche, between Cherbourg, Ambleteuse and Boulogne. The report/ratio of Bretonnière considers that only the Norman port can protect 80 warships suitably. Exceeding the projects of Vauban, it projects the construction of a 4 kilometers length dam, between the island Pelée and Querqueville points it. Dumouriez and Decaux, chief of the genius, advise as for them, shorter roads, going in right-hand side line of the Pelée island and points it of Hommet, as recommended by Vauban, with a single central master key, and by stressing military defenses. One gives finally reason with Bretonnière. Being the construction, Decaux praises the merits of the boxes of concrete masonry while Bretonnière prefers the scuttling of old warships and a riprap with lost stones. But were selected the plans of the engineer Louis-Alexandre de Cessart, those of a mole built starting from 90 wood cones of 20m on 20, filled of stones and concrete, connected by iron chains.

As from 1783, three engineers will follow one another during the 70 years of the construction of the 4.000 meters of the dam: Bretonnière, Louis-Alexandre de Cessart and Joseph Cachin. The first cone is cast on June 6th, 1784, with one kilometer of the Peeled Island, and the roads fill up from the 300 to 400 boats which make the shuttle since the port of Becquet to charge the stones. But the first four cones do not resist the storms. June 22nd, 1786, Louis XVI makes his only voyage in province to see the progress of the work and to attend the immersion of the ninth stone cone. When in 1788, one concludes with the failure from the option from Cessart, the cases are empty, and the spirits ready with the Revolution. One thus returns to the design of Bretonnière, but in 1789-1790, Dumouriez and Cessart leave Cherbourg. Subsidies crossed in 1790, and constrained Bretonnière with the resignation in 1792. In spite of the law of August 1st, 1792 issuing the construction of the military outer harbor, all work is suspended this same year, and for ten years.

In 1802, Bonaparte orders to resume work of the dam, according to the method of Bretonnière, by arranging the central part to receive guns. By the decree of the 25 germinal year XI (1803), it charges engineer Cachin with the digging of the military outer harbor which it will describe as Lac of Moeris (inaugurated on August 27th, 1813 in the presence of the Marie-Louise empress), and decides construction of the new Arsenal. The First consul wants to do of Cherbourg one of the principal military ports, aiming at the invasion of the the United Kingdom. In 1803, Cherbourg is with the shelter of the English attacks and becomes a home port of corsairs. After a visit in 1811, Napoleon makes of Cherbourg a police port authority, a Chef-lieu of district of the Manche and the seat of a county court. He also issues the construction of a new hospital of 300 beds, built as from 1859 on the territory tourlavillais annexed. He takes note thus urban development, and a greatter importance in Cotentin gives him, vis-a-vis Valognes which was under the Old mode the main city of the peninsula, and sub-prefecture of the English Channel hitherto.

The work of the central dam, stopped again between 1813 and 1832, is completed only under Napoleon III, in 1853, while the dams of the West and the East are completed in 1895. The basins Charles X (started in 1814 - 290 x220 x18 meters) and Napoleon III (started in 1836 - 420 x200 x18 meters) of the military port are respectively inaugurated on August 25th, 1829 in the presence of the Dolphin, and on August 7th, 1858 by the imperial couple. Work of the dam is concluded by the Third Republic, with the addition of the dams of the East (1890-1894) and the West (1889-1896), and the construction of the Small roads (dam of Hommet, 1899-1914, and dams Flemings, 1921-1922). The dams of Cherbourg which constitute since the largest artificial roads of the world, could not be destroyed by the Germans in 1944. The extent of secular work had an important echo in France, with the image of Emile Zola which writes in 1879 in Nana: “ In Cherbourg, it had seen the new port, an immense building site, hundreds of men sweating with the sun, the machines filling the sea of districts of rock, drawing up a wall where sometimes workmen remained like a bloody pulp ”. Opened in 1793, the old Arsenal (with the site of the current quay Lawton Hakes) built buildings of surface to veil. The first, the brig the Dove , is launched on September 27th, 1797 after building site a 3 year old. In 1803, Bonaparte decides to build a new arsenal near the military port in project, in the West of the city. Building sailing ships, then with propellers until the end of the 19th century, the Arsenal specializes since 1898, in the construction of submarines. The first are the Morse and Narval . Since, more than 91 buildings were built there.

In 1830, Charles X, détrôné, embarks for the exile in Cherbourg on the Great Britain , leaving the place to the Monarchie of July. In parallel of work of the port, the city develops. The streets are paved and cleansed, from new districts are born, the buildings rise, like the theater and the town hall, the learned societies appear. In these years, Cherbourg can be regarded as Bonapartist. Grateful towards the Emperor to have made of Cherbourg a port of paramount importance, the city was to be called Napoléonbourg before the defeat of Waterloo does not prevent the realization of the project. In 1831, the voters choose the colonel de Briqueville, faithful colonel of the Napoleonean dragons, like representative with the House of Commons, offering to him to its death in 1844, of popular funerals and financing the following year a bust present on the quays. December 8th 1840, the Beautiful Hen , which brings back ashes of Napoleon to France makes his first stopover in Cherbourg. Following a ceremony of homage, the place of Rampart, gained on the sea is baptized Napoleon place. In 1858, at the time of the visit of Napoleon III, come for the inauguration from the Line Paris-Cherbourg, an equestrian statue of Napoleon is set up there.

June 19th, 1864, off Cherbourg took place a famous episode of the American Civil War, where the warship of Confédérés, CSS Alabama , is run by the ship of the Union USS Kearsarge after two hours of combat (see the naval Action in Cherbourg), under the eye of thousands of spectators, come by train for the inauguration from the casino. Attending the combat since a sailing ship, Manet then immortalisé it in a table.

In parallel, Octeville also develops. Rural village with the habitat dispersed in hamlets, made up around large farms (Crespinière, Prévallerie, Grimesnil, Gamacherie…), the commune becomes chief town of canton in 1801 (decree of the 23 vendémiaire year X), and its population increases by the surge of the workmen come for construction from the wearing of Cherbourg and to work with the Arsenal. The borough is constituted around a main street.

Beginning XXe: wearing of emigration

In 1905, Cherbourg accommodates an international exhibition. As from 1869, where it accommodates its first steamer coming from New York, Cherbourg knows its hour of glory with the epopee of the Transatlantique S. the British steamers on the basis of Southampton make stopover there before crossing the Atlantic, following the example Titanic , which made its first stopover in 1912 there. Too much large to accost on the maritime station platforms inaugurated in 1912, the first must wet in the Western part of the roads, of the transporters making the shuttle. In 1913, Cherbourg receives 500 steamers and 70000 passengers.

During the First World War, the traffic is entirely suspended. Cherbourg becomes the place of arrival of the material and the English troops then American, and starting of the persons on leave and the casualties. To face the need for labor the city sees itself granting by the government of the colonial workers, coming from the Maghreb and of the Indo-China, installed in a large camp on the Saltworks of Équeurdreville-Hainneville. The Chantereyne port gained on the sea, the Divette place and the Schuman boulevard created with the site of the old fairgrounds, and the great whole of the Provinces on the heights of Fauconnière with Octeville, the cities in the agglomeration, modify the aspect of a city which densified and of its suburbs.

Quickly with the Release, the local economy takes again its rights. Whereas fishing is started again, the shipyards (Doucet, Bellot, Hamel) reopen. Felix Amiot joined them, concentrating particularly on the warships. Simon Frères is based as for him on the revival of the agriculture which is modernized.

In 1954, the government decides the study of an atomic submarine, Q 244, and Cherbourg is selected for its construction in 1955. The following year, settles the School of the maritime applications of atomic energy (EAMEA, become school of the military applications of atomic energy). However, France not having a Plutonium, the project is abandoned in 1959. But the installation of the Force of French nuclear deterrence, wanted by the General de Gaulle, implies the first SNLE, Frightening the, built starting from 1964 and launched by the president of the Republic three years later. This new project involves the evolution of the arsenal, which works from now on the nuclear matter.

In Christmas 1969 took place the episode of the Vedettes of Cherbourg, where five high-speed motorboats missile launcher intended for Israel, but under embargo, are diverted by the secret services israëliens. The business had a world repercussion.

From the years 1990, the maritime identity of the saving in Cherbourg suffers. The plan Joxe in 1992 carries a serious blow , by imposing a drastic reduction of manpower of the Arsenal, accompanied by the transfer of the Flotilla of North (FLONOR) towards Brest. Consequently, the weight of the army will not cease decreasing, with the departure of the school of administration of the Navy for Toulon and the closing of the maritime Hospital.

Since 1971, a Urban community was installation. Little by little, the idea of Large Cherbourg emerges, consisting in amalgamating the six cities of the Urban community of Cherbourg to do only one of them. November 7th 1999, a Référendum is organized near the 55.000 voters of these six communes. Only two communes vote " mainly; oui" : Cherbourg with 83,72% and Octeville with 55,88%. November 15th, 1999, the municipal councils of the two communes confirm the vote, leading on March 1st, 2000 to effective fusion.

For a few years, the last transatlantic station of the world, with the style Art déco, has found of its gloss of as much, by accommodating a score of steamers per annum, among which disproportionate the Queen Mary 2 , in April 2004, which will make of Cherbourg its port of continental calls. The old building was rehabilitated to accommodate the Cité of the Sea, museum on the oceanographical study and the navy, opened in April 2002 (giant Aquarium, submarine Frightening the to be visited) andis that the part skirting the quay is from now on the only terminal of this size dedicated to the cruising ships in France, which makes it possible from now on the town of accommodate increasingly many steamers.

Economy

Under the reign of Louis XIV, Colbert supports the constitution of two manufactures, one of cloths and tanneries in Cherbourg, the other of ices and mirrors, with Tourlaville.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Cherbourg is before a whole military port. The commercial port is modest, exporting mules for the Antilles and Reunion, from the local food products towards Great Britain (butter, saltings, eggs, cattle…), of the chemicals containing soda extracted the kelp, of the granite of the neighbouring careers, and important wood and irons of North, tar, hemp, and food products coming from the Colonies. At that time the port embraces the transatlantic epopee.

Industry cherbourgeoise of the time is specialized in naval construction, like the clothes industry of laces and the manufacture of rope. The end of the 19th century also saw Cherbourg developing an aircraft industry, with the company of Felix of the Temple, taken again later by Felix Amiot, another pioneer of aviation to found the aeronautical Société of Normandy .

Cherbourg is also the cradle of the family and the company Halley, become in the years 1960 Promodès (hypermarkets Continent, supermarkets Champion). In 1999, Promodès amalgamates with Carrefour. The old buildings of the Halley house became the technical Pole of the vocational school Cachin, which occurred Aristide Briand.

In 1916, Nestlé establishes its first factory in France to with it.

The current activities of the agglomeration are:

  • Port of trade: fish, passenger traffic and goods transmanche, soldier and one of the largest marinas of Europe. The loss of the deliveries of Toyota, since the opening of the unit of Valencian, seriously weakened the commercial port. These last years, the traffic transmanche momentary declined, company P&O having given up the connections with Cherbourg. Until February 2005, only two companies ensured of the connections transmanche: Brittany Ferries towards Portsmouth and Poole and Irish Ferries towards Rosslare (Ireland). Since of February 2005, a new company, Celtic Link Ferries, took again the market of P&O and reactivated the connection towards Rosslare. Lastly, since August 2007, the company HD ferries connects Cherbourg to Jersey and Guernesey with the HD1, a fast ship.
  • Naval constructions: Underwater S nuclear (DCNS Cherbourg); giant high-speed motorboats and yachts (Mechanical engineering of Normandy - CMN-, JMV and Ameris France (spare parts for ships and military aircrafts)) ; naval and pleasure as ICAN (sister cherbourgeoise of Chantiers Allais from Dieppe) and Paces yachting; group Efinor (metallurgy and engineering), MPH (assistance with the control of project).
  • electronic Industry (Sanmina-SCI, in the past Alcatel - CIT)
  • Tourism, with in particular the Quoted of the Sea, and the terminal cruisings, which attracts many steamers each year.
  • Agro-alimentary (firm aquicultural, transformation, slaughter-houses…) and equipment agro-alimentary (establishment Simon Brothers).
  • Health: The hospital Pasteur (second Low Norman establishment, amalgamated since 2006 at the hospital of Valognes), and the Polyclinic of Cotentin
  • Media: Written press: sit of the departmental daily newspaper the Press of the English Channel, which took it following the Release of Cherbourg-Flash; radio: France Blue Cotentin; television: local drafting of France 3 Normandy

Cherbourg is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Cherbourg-Cotentin. It manages in particular the airport as well as the group Of FIM training company united with the Chamber of commerce and of industry of Center and South-Handle.

Transport

Truck drivers

Historically Cherbourg-Octeville is the western end of the Trunk road 13, crossing the city by the Reds Grounds and the avenue of Paris, since the Mirror factory. In the years 1990, a deviation of the main road, from now on European Road 3 and 46 deviated the traffic by the Mirror factory and Tourlaville.

Old the Trunk road 801, today displaced in D901, which connects the Cape of La Hague to Barfleur, also crosses the city of is in west.

Maritime

Located at the point of Cotentin, the wearing of Cherbourg east in a zone privileged for the sea links. Today, four companies ensure of the connections since this point:
  • Irish ferries, installed since 1978, ensures of the connections towards Rosslare (Ireland) approximately 2 times per week, with Normandy, a ship of 1982, which will be replaced by Konprins Harald by the end of the year.
  • Brittany Ferries, which succeeded Truckline ferries in 1985 and which ensures from now on the connections towards Poole and Portsmouth with the ships Normandy Express, Normandy Speed (or Condor Speed), Barfleur, Coutances and Cotentin from here some time.
  • Celtic Link Ferries, which ensures a connection towards Rosslare with Diplomat three times per week and which hopes to open a connection freight towards Portsmouth.
  • HD ferries, which connects the port to the Anglo-Norman islands (Guernesey and Jersey).
Moreover, the port accommodates between 10 and 30 steamers per annum, thanks to a terminal cruising arranged in the transatlantic harbor station of 1933.

Railway

The Ligne Paris-Cherbourg of the Rail network of France finds there its terminus, the Gare of Cherbourg. This line went at the beginning of the 20th century to the seaside resort of Urville-La Hague and was supplemented by the conceal-are occupied which served from Cherbourg the Val of Saire between 1911 and 1950.

Interurban

The Company of transport of Cherbourg (CTC) was created in 1896, serving by a Tramway the place of Tourlaville and Castle places it at Cherbourg. The service road lengthens up to 16,5 kilometers, of Tourlaville with Urville. After the German occupation and the bombardment of the deposit of trams, the buses take the succession, and it should be waited until 1962 so that the network has several lines. As from 1976, the Urban community of Cherbourg deals with the competence of public transport. Managed in Public service delegation by Keolis, the CTC takes the name of Zéphir drunk in 1991.

Airport

The Airport of Cherbourg - Maupertus serves the city.

Administration

The District of Cherbourg-Octeville account 15 cantons, 189 communes and 190  973 inhabitants. The sub-prefect is Raymond Cervelle, named on January 6th, 2006, to replace Denis Dobo-Schoenenberg.

The city is the chief town of three cantons: Canton of Cherbourg-Octeville-South-Is, Canton of Cherbourg-Octeville-North-West, including/understanding each one part of the city, and Canton of Cherbourg-Octeville-South-West, corresponding to the old canton of Octeville, six communes and 21  113 inhabitants.

Cherbourg-Octeville is also the seat of the police port authority of the Manche and the the North Sea. The prefect is the rear-admiral Philippe Périssé.

Cherbourg-Octeville preserved the old zip codes of Cherbourg and Octeville. Thus, for the addresses of the old territory of Octeville, the zip code is 50130, and for those from Cherbourg, 50100.

Mayors of Cherbourg-Octeville

The current mayor of Cherbourg-Octeville east Bernard Cazeneuve (PS) (since March 2001) |- | colspan=" 5" align=" center" | No former data since fusion of 2 communes |}

|valign=" top" |

|}

Twinnings

Cherbourg is twinned with

Justice

Since the introduction by Napoleon i of a County court by the decree of July 19th, 1811 in Cherbourg, the city is one of the three principal legal poles of the English Channel, with Coutances and Avranches.

The city accommodates today a Court of Bankruptcy (district of Cherbourg-Octeville), a Magistrates' court (cantons of Beaumont-La Hague, Cherbourg Nord-Ouest, Cherbourg Sud-Est, Équeurdreville-Hainneville, Octeville, Piles, Saint-Pierre-Church and Tourlaville), a Court of arbitration and a bankruptcy court. A Prison is located in downtown area, behind the buildings of the court.

Local life

Education

Cherbourg-Octeville has 6 colleges:

  • the old college, very crested, became a college in 1886, known since under the name of college Victor Grignard (830 pupils). He proposes general die and STT as well as scientific Preparatory classes.
  • the college Jean-François Millet (1210 pupils, general die, prépa health, literary Preparatory classes)
  • the college Alexis de Tocqueville (1480 pupils, general, technical, professional die and higher education - BTS-),
  • private Vocational school Engineer-Cachin (320 pupils).
  • private College Thomas-Hélye, gathering the private college Holy-Chantal and the technological college Bucaille. (1 005 pupils, dies general and technique)
  • maritime and aquicultural College. (102 pupils)

On the university pole, installed on the heights of Octeville, are installed the École of engineers de Cherbourg, the IUT Cherbourg-Handle (which accommodates approximately 1.000 students in continuing education or initial through 4 departments HAD, 4 licenses pro, 1 OF, 1 DECF and 1 DAEU), like 2 antennas of the Université of Caen (UFR of sciences and UFR of the foreign living languages)

The Institut of the trades of the cinema of Normandy (IMC Normandy) was installed, following EICAR on the site of the old maritime hospital, while the University of the Art schools is located in the zone of the basins.

Vestiges of the importance of the army in the city, Cherbourg-Octeville accommodates the School of the military applications of atomic energy (EAMEA) while the School of the furriers is established with Querqueville.

The agglomeration cherbourgeoise also accommodates the National institute of sciences and technology of the sea (Intechmer), in Tourlaville.

Sports

  • Football: ACE Cherbourg; Stage Maurice Postaire
  • Cycling: Cherbourg was 16 times city-stage like arrival of the Tour de France: 1911 to 1914 (four consecutive years), of 1919 to 1929 (eleven consecutive years), and finally in 1986. Cherbourg was departure city in 1994.
  • Voile: Cherbourg regularly accommodates the stages of competitions of veil like the Solitaire of the Barber, the Course of Europe, the World Challenge Assistance, the Tour de France with the veil, the Tall Ships' Race… As from 2009, it should accommodate the arrival of SolOcéane , race bi-annual connecting Basse-Normandie to the New Zealand.
  • Tennis: The Challenger of Cherbourg is a professional tournament (50 000 dollars + lodging) since 1994 * Hockey: NC' HOP (Northern Cotentin Hockey More)

Health

Cherbourg-Octeville has two hospitals:
  • the Pasteur hospital, public, second Low Norman establishment with 711 beds and places. With a common medical project since 2001 and one common direction since 2003, the Pasteur center and hospital of Valognes amalgamated into 2006 within the public hospital of Cotentin (2000 agents, more than 1000 beds, and a budget 2005 of 133 million Euros)
  • the Polyclinic of Cotentin, with the limit between Octeville and Équeurdreville-Hainneville (102 beds).

On the territory of Octeville are established the residence medicalized for elderly of the Large Beech, antenna of the public hospital of Cotentin, and, since 1999, the Community Health center Jean Brüder.

Parks and green areas

Second half of the 19th century sees creating many gardens of English inspiration . The first would be due to Joseph Cachin which created, when it was in load of the creation of the port, a privative garden and a pond close to the Divette, in the place of the current ways of railroad leading to the station.

Today, the city offers several public gardens:

  • the Public garden (1,7 hectares), avenue of Paris, was the first park to be offered to the population, in 1887. To the foot of the mountain of Rolls, it lodges animals (basin of the otaries, birdcages, Cervidé S…).
  • the Park Emmanuel Hard limestone (1 hectare), old garden of the private house of the mayor of Cherbourg, given to the city with its death, is labelisé “remarkable Jardin”.
  • the garden Montebello , open in 1872 in the street of the same name, was created on the initiative of the Company of horticulture of Cherbourg for its members. Opened with the public since, it accommodates bamboos, camellias and magniolias, and has a brick country cottage with visible beams.
  • the botanical garden of the Rock Fauconnière is with the inventory of the Historic buildings since December 29th, 1978.

Today, the commune is a flowered city having obtained three flowers with the Concours of the cities and flowered villages.

Celebrities

Born in Cherbourg

Their names are related to Cherbourg

  • Louis-Emile Bertin (1840-1924), general engineer of the marine engineering and erudite, it lived in Cherbourg of 1863 to 1879, and rests with the cemetery of the Mirror factory
  • Frida Boccara (1940-1996), creative of the song Cherbourg was right , great success of 1961
  • Charles Maurice Cabart-Danneville (1846-1918), appointed then senator of the English Channel. One of the master keys of the port bears its name.
  • Maurice Cabart-Danneville (1886-1942), city council man and general of Cherbourg, senator of the English Channel.
  • Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), military engineer with the Direction of constructions and naval weapons
  • Jacques Demy (1931-1990), scenario writer who returned celebrates Cherbourg with the film the Umbrellas of Cherbourg
  • Charles-Eugene Delaunay (1816 - 1872), director of the Observatoire of Paris, dead drowned by visiting the roads
  • Charles François Dumouriez (1739-1823), governor of Cherbourg
  • Georges Grente (1872-1959), academician, superior of the Institute Saint-Paul
  • Benjamin Guggenheim (1865-1912), business man who embarks on the Titanic in Cherbourg
  • Maxime Laubeuf (1864-1939), engineer of the marine engineering, lived in Cherbourg of 1896 to 1906
  • Michel Legrand (1932-), type-setter of the music of the film the Umbrellas of Cherbourg
  • Napoleon I {{er}} (1769-1821): at the origin of the military port. the Beautiful Hen , which brought back its remainders towards the Invalids in 1840, made stopover in Cherbourg.
  • Ernest Psichari (1883-1914), soldier and writer, in garrison in Cherbourg in 1914 with the 2nd colonial artillery regiment.
  • Henri Rieunier (1833-1918) Grand Cross of the Legion of honor, was twice major of the navy in Cherbourg (1872/1875), admiral, Minister for the marine (1893), appointed of Rochefort (1898-1902).

Culture

With Caen, Cherbourg-Octeville is the principal arts center of the Basse-Normandie.

It is the seat of several learned societies, of which the academic National company of Cherbourg created 1755, and the National company of the natural science and mathematical of Cherbourg created in 1851, like at the 19th century that of the artistic and industrial Company of Cherbourg, founded in 1871.

The creation and the diffusion of the live performance are ensured by the Trident, gathering the theater with Italian, the Theater of Octeville and Vox, labelized National scene, and by the Regional center of arts of circus (CRAC) of the Breach.

Cherbourg also accommodates a museum of the Release, at the height of Rolls, the Musée of Art Thomas Henry, and the Natural history museum of ethnography, natural history and archeology of the Liais park. The town of Cherbourg has since 1983 a Artothèque. The Not of the Day , center of contemporary art devoted to photography, should open in the zone of the basins in 2008.

The Biennial one of the 9th Art exposes Band-drawn authors of (Enki Bilal in 2002, François Schuiten and Benoît Peeters in 2004, André Juillard in 2006). Cherbourg-Octeville also organizes a festival of arts of street, Charivarue , and the Festival of the book and the cartoon of youth.

In addition to the Institute of the trades of the cinema of Normandy, artistic teaching is also present through the regional École of the Art schools and the Council school of music.

Cinema

The cinema occupies a considerable place in the life of Cherbourg. Several traditional of the French cinema was turned there, like the Marie of the port , of Marcel Carné, with Jean Gabin. In 1981, Claude Miller also locates at it the action of Police custody , turned in studio. But emblématique is without question the Umbrellas of Cherbourg , of Jacques Demy, turned the summer 1963, which contributes still today to the international reputation of the city. But, quite front, in the time of the splendor of the transatlantic liners, Cherbourg was transit or a starting, port of arrival for many stars, in particular Charlie Chaplin, Burt Lancaster…

The cinema animates the local cultural life with the Festival of the cinemas of Ireland and Great Britain and Cinemovida (Festival of the cinemas of Spain and Latin America) like Cin' stars, film projections in the open air in July.

In 2003, the school of cinema EICAR was established in the old buildings of the maritime hospital. After three years of losses and a liability estimated at 1,5 million euros, it was placed in compulsory liquidation in September 2006, was replaced the next month, under the impulse of former professors of the EICAR, by the IMC Normandy.

The city has a park of 17 permanent cinemas, divided on two establishments, including one labellized Art and test.

Odéon (5 rooms)

Following the opening of multiplexes CGR, the withdrawal of the Soredic, which exploited Club 6 (street of Peace) since 1983 and Odéon (street Foch) since 1991, involved in 2004 the closing of the first, and the resumption of this last cinema of downtown area, labellized Art and test, by Fadila Chambelland, old managing paid. 90.000 entries in 2006.

The frontage of the old coffee of the Large balcony, become then cinema the Exchange, is of style second Empire, with caryatids and garlands of flowers.

Méga CGR (12 rooms)

Opened in 2003 close to the maritime boulevard with 2.557 armchairs. 400.000 entries in 2006.

Omnia (1 room)

Historical room exploited by Pathé, located street of Peace, it was repurchased in the Années 1990 by the municipality, and does not accommodate any more but of rare events. The interior frescos of R. Lecoq, representative Éole and Vulcan, were distinguished in 2006 by the label “Inheritance 20th century” from the ministry for the Culture.

Several rooms disappeared, like Eldorado , the Eden , the Vox (old room of Patronage become second room of the Trident), the Saint-Joseph …

; Films made to Cherbourg

Tourist monuments and places

  • the roads of Cherbourg , larger artificial roads of the world. Started in 1783, the central dam was completed in 1853, and was equipped with three forts in 1860. Built to 4 km of the coast, the dam of broad measurement 3.640 m, with an average width of 100 m at its base and 12 m at its top, and a height of 27 Mr. All 3 dam makes more than 6 kilometers.

  • the extremely of the Peeled Island : defensive element of the east of the dam, the work was designed by Ricard and Decaux, and was built between 1777 and 1784. It was extremely Royal , strong National , extremely Impérial , before taking the name of the island on which it was built. It was used as prison during the Revolution.
  • Fort of Rolls (Museum of the War and the Release), on the Mountain of Rolls (which culminates to 117 m). Site since 1650 of the hermitage of Notre-Dame de Protection, shaven in 1870, this culminating point of the city accommodates in 1793 one fears to protect the roads. In 1853, the current fort is built. Place of the last combat in 1940, it is reinforced by the Germans in 1943 by a battery, located on the side dominating the roads, below the fort. Composed of four Casemate S for guns of 105mm and a management position of shooting, with several underground tunnels and accesses dug in the rock, it becomes for the Germans the strong point of the “fortress of Cherbourg” and the Atlantic Wall. June 6th, 1954, Rene Coty inaugurates the first museum of the Release there, recalling the unfolding of the Second world war in Cotentin. The strong one offers a panorama on the agglomeration and the roads. The battery was classified historic building in 1995, and part of the tunnels of storage of the German ammunition was refitted in laboratory of measurement of the radioactivity for the military School of application of atomic energy.
  • the old harbor station is the largest French monument of Art déco. It was built by Rene Levavasseur as from 1928, and was refitted to become in 2003 an oceanographical complex, the Cité of the Sea, in which Frightening the visits, first Sous-marin nuclear launcher of machine (SNLE), built and launched to Cherbourg. Moreover, since December 2006, the building is occupied by a terminal cruisings planned for the passengers of steamers of any types, which is for the port a major asset.
  • the Atlantic Hotel , face of the harbor station, also built by Rene Levavasseur in the style Art déco, for the three transatlantic companies which served Cherbourg, the Cunard Line, the White Star and Red Star, gathered in the Public limit company of the Atlantic Hotel. It accommodated on 5.400 m ², the emigrants (travellers of third class), mainly of Eastern Europe, who remained on average 12 days there, to undergo sanitary controls and customs officers. The building thus included/understood a district for infected and a district for disinfected. Opened in 1926, it closes eight years later. Requisitioned under the Occupation then with the Release, it is bought by Felix Amiot to place there some of paid of its Building sites. It accommodates since 1991 the services of the Chamber of commerce and industry Cherbourg-Cotentin. The central house is registered with the inventory of the historic buildings since October 2001.
  • the Theater with Italian the : one of the last theaters to Italian the built in France. Inaugurated in 1882, it was built within Charles de Lalande, with the site of the old markets with grain. The frontage pays homage to Molière, Boïeldieu and Corneille. It is classified historic building since 1984 with its two side returns and the corresponding roofs, as well as the hall, the large staircase, the room and the hearth, just as the 13 original decorations. Built with three galleries, it has 600 places.
  • the Notre-Dame abbey of the Wish . The legend of Chantereyne says that, taken in a storm forces while crossing the English Channel, the Empress Mathilde, grand-daughter of William the Conqueror, makes the promise to build an abbey if she survives. Unloading on the coast of Équeurdreville, with the Crust of Homet, it installs there a community of regular canons augustins resulting from the Saint-Victor abbey of Paris. Founded in 1145, the abbey is devoted in 1181, while the construction of the buildings is spread out over several centuries (church, kitchens and storeroom at the 12th century, refectory and chapter house at the 13th century). Without protection, the abbey is regularly plundered and burned at the time of the ceaseless Franco-English battles, before being rebuilt about 1450. It will again be damaged during the wars of religion. It undergoes the mode of Commende as from 1583. Reformed at the end of the XVIIe century under the impulse of the bishop of Coutances, Loménie de Brienne, it will undergo the decline common to the monastic institutions and will be closed in 1774. With the construction of the military port, its grounds are annexed in 1778. It becomes the residence of the duke of Harcourt, governor of Normandy, and accommodates the King in 1786. It is then transformed hospital of the Navy between 1793 and 1866, bagne under the First Empire, and barracks Martin-of-Landing as from 1850 for the marines. In 1928, is installed a working city, the Chantereyne city, is saved by the bombardments but is set fire to by the Germans in June 1944. Repurchased by the town hall in 1961, the abbey is slowly restored since 1965. The large chimney of the abbey house (16th century) is preserved in the room of the council of the Town hall, the Western gate of the church (13th century) is placed in the Public garden. The Martin-of-Landing remainders of the barracks had been classified in 1913, before the whole of the buildings, vestiges and grounds of the old abbey are classified in September 2002. The tombstone of Guillaume de Margerai, priest of Querqueville, canon of Saint-Augustin, died in the years 1280, was discovered and, classified historic building in 1995, is preserved at the museum of Cherbourg.
  • the basilica of the Trinity . Church started at the 11th century at the request of William the Conqueror, the Trinity of Cherbourg was the second parish church of the city. The preceding one, dedicated to Notre-Dame, was inside the enclosure of the castle of Cherbourg and was destroyed at the same time as the castle, at the 17th century. With the Middle Ages, the Trinity was increased and of the transform in an important way, because of proximity of the rampart of the city (1295), of which there remains a vestige with its bedside. After the War One hundred Year old and the English occupation, the nave was rebuilt and the chorus and the bell-tower were raised. A new bell-tower was assistant in 1828 and one general restoration in the néo-blazing style took place in 1865. Registered with the historic buildings since March 1944, the Trinity has a pertaining to worship movable rich person, of which a pulpit of Pierre Fréret (1767) and a retable of Armand Fréret (1814), and large organ of Cavaillé-coll.
  • the equestrian statue of Napoleon 1st, opposite the basilica, on the Napoleon place. Work of Armand Véel, it represents the Emperor contemplating the roads and the military port. On the base, one can read an extract of the Mémorial of Grey waxbill , dated July 15th, 1816: “I had solved to renew in Cherbourg the wonders of Egypt”, i.e. a pyramid with the strong exchange and new a Lac Moeris for the outer harbor dug in the rock. The statue set up in 1858, at the time of the visit of Napoleon III, recalls the importance of the Emperor in the expansion of Cherbourg. Around the statue extends the green Beach, old artificial beach, which skirts the marina.
  • the Museum Thomas Henry , of the name of the first patron, inaugurated in 1835. It is the third museum of Normandy with a collection of 300 paintings and sculptures of XVe at the XIXe century. Located at the back of the theater, it accommodates collections of paintings of the schools Frenchwoman, Flemish, Spanish and Italian, as well as sculptures. One discovers there in particular paintings of FRA Angelico, Simon Vouet, like one of the largest collections of works of Jean-François Millet and of the tables of Guillaume Fouace, native of Réville, or painters of the Navy, as well as sculptures of Armand Véel.
  • the church Saint-Pierre and Saint-Paul , on the sector of Octeville. It was built between 1967 and 1969 whereas the " large ensemble" provinces was born. The triangular modern architecture of Paul Vimond symbolizes “the tent of God in the middle of the houses of the men”.
  • the maritime hospital , old regional hospital of the Armies Rene Lebas, unused in 2000, rehabilitated in university and cultural pole with the establishment of the EICAR, school of cinema, in 2002, then of the IMC Normandy in 2006. The buildings of Style Napoleon III are surrounded by a large park.
  • the Park Emmanuel-Hard limestone and Natural history museum of natural history and ethnography . The old house of Emmanuel Hard limestone, mayor of Cherbourg, astronomer and explorer, shelters since 1905 the oldest museum of Cherbourg (founded in 1832), with cabinet of curiosities, collection of naturalized animals, fossils, minerals, exotic objects (Egypt, Asia, Oceania, America and Africa), and archaeological treasures, as well as the library of sciences. It is also the head office of the Académie of Cherbourg. The garden (drawn in 1881 and inaugurated in 1885) also has a rich collection of plants of South America brought back of its voyages and acclimatized by Liais as well as greenhouses and of a tower of observation.
  • the public garden , created in 1887, extends on 1,7 hectare, to the foot of the mountain of Rolls. It lodges some animals (otaries, swans, goats, ducks and other birds in birdcage). It is about a place of memory privileged, with the war memorial, a bust of Jean-François Millet and the old gate of the abbey of the Wish, classified historic building since July 9th, 1909.
  • the Hotel of the old customs , located at the angle of the street of the Valley of the Seine and the quay of the old arsenal, shelters today seat of the Savings bank. Built in Schist and brick, and dating from the 18th century, it is registered with the Historic buildings since February 16th, 1965.
  • the sea : Many temporary demonstrations proceed in Cherbourg: stopovers of prestigious steamers, armada, races with the veil… The Chantereyne port is the first port of French call. (Titanic, Queen Mary 2…)

Photographs

Bombardments of 1944

Random links:Old Egyptian | Canton of the Saint-Andre-the-Alps | Plioreocepta | Valerie Vili | Sensory marketing | Jeu