Judéo-Bolchevism

The term judéo-Bolchevism (also called judéo-Communism or Jewish Bolchevism ) is a political denomination anti-semite showing the Juifs to be at the origin of the Bolchevism.

This expression became popular among the anti-semites groups and anticommunists after the Russian Révolution of October 1917, and was spread in all the countries in the Années 1920 after the Publication and the circulation of the forgery the Protocoles of Wise of Sion . It is based on the Jewish ethnic origin of certain Bolsheviks, and mainly of Leon Trotsky immediately after the revolution.

The term “judéo-Bolchevism” was adopted and used thereafter by the Nazis to refer at the same time to the Juifs and the communist , by insinuating that the communist movement served the Jewish interests and/or that all the Jews were communist.

According to Daniel Pipes, “the white Russian movement with propagated these charges initially via the Protocol of Wise of Sion towards an international audience”. The historian James Webb adds that “It is rare to find after 1917 of the writings anti-semites which do not refer to the analyzes of the revolution emitted by the white Russian emigrants. ”

Origins

The Jews were regularly a Minorité oppressed and scorned in the Russian empire. As well as the peasants victims of the Servage who were compelled has to remain in their village of birth, they endured a Racial segregation while being forced to live in the Zone of Residence (in Russian: Чертаоседлости - cherta osedlosti ) with the Border S western of the empire, and to support the Persecution S of the police force tsarist. While many Russian Jews emigrate (during the time of 1881 with 1920, more than 2 million Jews leave the Russian Empire), much of others engage in the political Activisme. The day before the revolution of February, the party Bolshevik counts approximately 10.000 members, of which 364 are ethnic Jews.

Bund is a secular socialist party opposed so that he considers being nature reactionary of the traditional Jewish life in Russia. Created in 1897, before the Left working social democrat Russia (POSDR), Bund becomes one of the founding members of the POSDR at the time of its first congress with Minsk in March 1898. During the five following years, Bund is recognized like the only one representing Jewish workers with the POSDR, although many Socialists Russian of Jewish descent, and more particularly those which do not live in the Zone of residence, join the POSDR directly.

At the time of the second congress of the POSDR with Brussels and London, in August 1903, the position independent of Bund inside the POSDR is rejected by a majority of delegated and the representatives of Bund leave the congress, the first of long series of scissions in the Russian democratic movement. Bund joined the POSDR formally when all its factions meet at the time of the fourth Congress of the Unification in April 1906 with Stockholm. But the party remains deeply divided according to ideological lines and ethnic. Bund is generally aligned on the faction Menchevik of the party, led by Julius Martov against the faction Bolchevik led by Vladimir Lénine during the internal struggles for the period preceding the Russian Revolution by 1917.

Jewish Bolsheviks

A disproportionate number of ethnic Jews occupies of the posts of leaders in the revolutionary movement before the revolution and during a few years afterwards. The majority are hostile with the traditional Jewish culture and the policy of the Jewish parties. They are avid to prove their honesty with the Athéisme Communist party and with the proletarian Internationalisme and for this reason gums any sign of Jewish cultural particularism.

Of the nine members of the Central committee of the party Bolshevik in April 1917, three are Jewish: Lev Kamenev, Grigory Zinoviev and Iakov Sverdlov. Of the twelve people who during the historical meeting of the October 10th 1917 planned the details of the revolution of October, six are Jewish: Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Ouritsky, Sverdlov, and Sokolnikov (although Kamenev and Zinoviev were opposed to the revolution).

In 1919, of the fifteen Police chiefs of the People from Lénine, six are Jewish: Trotsky, Uritsky, Isaac Steinberg, I.A. Teodorovich, Semyon Dimanstein and Sokolnikov. Between 1923 and 1930, among the 23 police chiefs there are twelve Russians, five Jews, two Géorgiens (Stalin and Ordjonikidze), a Polish, a Moldavian , a Latvian and an Ukrainian . In relatively little time, the situation developed clearly with the advantage of the Russian majority. In the Years 1930, it has there nothing any more but only one person of Jewish descent to the Politburo (Lazar Kaganovich).

In 1922, out of the 44.148 members of the party Bolshevik who had joined the party before 1917, and that Lénine called the Old guard, there are 7,1% of Jews and Russian 65%.

The number of Jews in the higher administrative stations starts to decrease as of after 1917. It continues to strongly decline in the years 1930 when Stalin carries out in Prison his old Kamenev companions and Zinoviev in 1936 after a Procès faked. Kamenev and Zinoviev had first of all been excluded, respectively in 1926 and 1927, of the positions at the top which they shared with Stalin in the direction of the Soviet Union. Leon Trotsky is simultaneously expelled of Soviet Union into 1927 before being assassinated with Mexico City in 1940 by the Soviet agent Ramón Mercader. Thus in 1940, and after the pact germano-Soviet, Stalin virtually eliminated all the Jews from the higher positions of the Soviet government. One can thus say that if, as some propagated, there was a " judéo bolchevisme" in Soviet Union, this one has to the maximum lasted only ten years (1917-1927).

Walter Laqueur affirms in his book The Changing Face off Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day ( the changing Face of the anti-semitism: old times at our days):

" Up to what point, did the presence of many Jews in the communist leading authorities contribute to the anti-semitism? She played certainly a big role in propaganda anti-semite, and it is certain that during the years 1920, the Jews were surreprésentés in the rows of the party and the senior officials of the State. After the accession of Stalin, the Jews are withdrawn from the stations - keys and very often liquidated . The fact that other minorities were also represented in a disproportionate way did not have importance. There were no traditions anti-Latvians in Russia, and the Latvians were not in very high stations. In the same way, into account the fact was not taken that the Jews were also strongly represented in the left parties anticommunists such as the revolutionary Menchevik party and socialist movements, or that the anti-Stalin opposition was in great majority makes it people of origin juive" .

In its book of 1938 The Protocols off the Elders off Zion: In Proved Forgery , based on its testimony against Dr. A. Zander at the time of the lawsuit of Bern of 1934, Vladimir Burtsev written:

" The anti-semites… refuse to recognize the fact important and indisputable that the Jews which took part in the socialist movements and anarchistic all over the world, including and more specifically the Jews Russian, were Renégat S of the Jewish nation, which had any relationship to the Jewish history, neither with the Jewish religion nor with the Jewish masses, but were rather internationalists, promoting the ideas shared by the Socialists of the other ethnicities while being hostile to the Jewish nation in general " .

Tchéka

Other allegations propose that the Jews were very numerous among the members of the Russian secret police. Indeed, in 1918, out of the 12 members of the department anti-revolutionist of the Tchéka, 6 are of Jewish origin. But in September 1918, with the height of Red Terror, on the 42 prosecutors of Tchéka, 6 only are Jewish. There are 14 Latvians, 13 Russians and 7 Poles. Only 3,7% of the agents of Tchéka are Jewish at that time

In the middle of the years 1930, under the direction of Guenrikh Iagoda (which is Jewish), the Jewish presence in the secret police becomes prevalent: 39% of the people surrounding Yagoda are Jewish and only 30% Russian. The immediate predecessors of Yagoda were also Jewish: Iosif Unschlicht and Meier Trilisser. The secret police of Guenrikh Iagoda takes part in the execution of Zinoviev and Kamenev, but fall victim from the series of Purge S following of Stalin. Yagoda is replaced by an ethnic Russian Nikolaï Iejov in September 1936. Yagoda is stopped then carried out in March 1937. Under Yezhov, the number of Jews decrease quickly with 6 people while the number of ethnic Russians to the direction of the secret police, NKVD goes up to 102 people (67%) and that the purgings, at the instigation of Stalin enter during their bloodiest time (1937-1938).

Yevsektsiya

The Yevsektsiya () is the Jewish section Communist party of Soviet Union (PCUS). It is created by Lénine to defy and possibly destroy the rival party, Bund and the parties Zionists, and to remove the Judaism and the Nationalisme middle-class , to replace the Jewish Culture traditional by the proletarian culture and to impose the idea of the Dictatorship of the proletariat on the Working class Jewish. Another important goal of Yevsektsiya is to mobilize the Jewish Diaspora in favor of the Soviet mode. The first congress of Yevsektsiya takes place in October 1918. During most of its existence, Yevsektsya is directed by Semyon Dimanstein.

Yevsektsia is dissolved in 1929, after the creation of the Jewish autonomous République. Many of its members perish at the time of the Grandes Purgings. Dimanstein is carried out in 1938 and rehabilitated on a purely posthumous basis in 1955, 2 years after the death of Stalin.

Jews anti-Bolsheviks

In 1917, an important part of the Jewish revolutionists, and in particular those of the revolutionary Socialist party (Esers), are opposed to the “Coup d'etat” Bolshevik. Red terror is started by the assassination of Ouritsky and an attempted murder of Lénine. In both cases the culprits are Jews. In the first groups of 130 people carried out during Red Terror, 12 are Jews

Reactions and allegations

" The large majority of the not-Jews react negatively to the intensification of the Jewish political activity, and that became one of the big factors of the exacerbation of the differences between the Jews and their entourage which will develop during the two decades of between two wars. … It is obvious that the emigrants who flee the Russian Revolution spread the idea that the Bolchevism is a Jewish business (the old argument anti-semite of the domination of the world under new clothes). "

Nazi Germany

In the Germany Nazi, the term of judéo-Bolchevism represents general perception that Communism is a movement inspired and controlled by the Jews with an aim of domination of the world, and that since its origin: Karl Marx . The term is popularized in the Written press by the German journalist Dietrich Eckhart, author of the Pamphlet Der Bolschewismus von Moses (a) Lenin ( Bolchevism of Moïse in Lénine ) with the beginning of the year 1920, associating Moïse and Lénine as Communists and Juifs. The edition of 1923 of the Protocol of wise of Sion by the Nazi Alfred Rosenberg revival the diffusion of this forgery. This republication is followed by the statement highly flamer of Hitler in Mein Kampf (1924): “In the Russian Bolchevism, we see at the twentieth century, the efforts of the Juiverie for the domination of the world”.

According to Michael Kellogg, author of The Russian Roots off Nazism. White Emigrated and the Making off National Socialism, 1917-1945 ( Russian Roots of the Nazism: white emigrants and the construction of national-socialisme ):

" In its precursory book in 1939, the Apocalypse of our time: the lower parts of the German Propaganda according to new documents , Henri Rollin stress that the “Hitlérisme” represents an anti-Soviet form of counter-revolution which uses " the Myth of a mysterious plot judéo-maçonnique-bolchevique" . Rollin analyzes the Socialist Nationale belief coming from the white emigrants, that a vast judeo-maconnic conspiracy is at the origin of the First World War, to reverse the empires Russian, German and Austro-Hungarian and to start the Bolchevism after having to sap the existing order by spreading insidious liberal ideas. After the occupation of the France in 1940, the German troops destroy the work of Rollin and delivers remained since inconnu."

the United States and Great Britain in the Years 1920

The American Ambassador in Russia, David Francis, written in January 1918, that the majority of the leaders Bolsheviks are Jewish. Also, in a report/ratio of the Secret Intelligence Service (British Intelligence service) given to the United States and other governments, heading has Monthly Review off the Progress off Revolutionary Movements Abroad ( a monthly review of progress of the revolutionary movements abroad ), it is mentioned in the first paragraph that international Communism is controlled by the Jews.

The captain Montgomery Schuyler, officer of the American military informations in Russia, pays regularly to the Head of State Major of the information of the US Army (before the creation of the CIA, the army was in charge of the information). These reports/ratios are retransmis with the President. In one of its reports/ratios, déclassifié in 1958, Schuyler indicate:

" It is probably imprudent to aloud say that to the United States, but the movement Bolshevik has, since her beginning, summer guided and controlled by Russian Jews of the most underhand species… "

In another report/ratio, dated June 9th, 1919, Schuyler quotes Robert Wilton, the correspondent as a chief in Russia of the The Times of London. He writes what follows, which since was proven historically erroneous:

" A table traced in 1918 per Robert Wilton, correspondent of the London Times in Russia, watch that at that time, there were 384 police chiefs including/understanding 2 Nègre S, 13 Russians, 15 Chinese, 22 Arménie NS and more than 300 Jews. Among the latter, 264 came from the United States since the fall of the government impérial."

Churchill also declares that the Bolchevism must be strangled in its cradle . Such a position is far from being exceptional in Great Britain at the time of the intervention allied in the Russian civil war. The British board of inquiry indicated to inquire into the Arab revolts in Palestine in 1920, associates Zionism and Bolchevism, and blames Vladimir Jabotinsky with the Party Zionist of Work (Poale Sion), that the commission names definitively an association Bolshevik . Actually, Jabotinsky is a leader of right-hand side. “The association of Jabotinsky, strongly antisocialist, with a Marxist party is not only the nonsense of this report/ratio. ”

Iran, 2006

The allegation of the plot judéo-Bolshevik remakes surface, at the time of a Interview the December 28th 2006 of the adviser of Iranian president Mohammad Ali Ramin, named secretary-general of the news World foundation for the study of the Holocaust at the time of the " International Conference for the Revision of the Comprehensive view of Holocauste". (to refer at the end revisionism)

" The Soviet government Bolshevik of the time of Lénine and later of Stalin - both being Jewish, although being presented themselves in the form of Marxists and atheists - was one of the forces which until the Second world war cooperated with Hitler to promote the idea of the creation of the State of Israel. .

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