Joseph Trumpeldor
Joseph Trumpeldor (December 4th 1880 - March 1st 1920, Hebrew יוסףטרומפלדור, Russian: ИосифТрумпельдор) was one of the first activists Zionist. It is known for its assistance in the creation of the Jewish legions and for the organization of the immigration of the Jews towards the future state of Israel.
Youth
Joseph Trumpeldor was born with Piatigorsk in Russia, in the area of the the Caucasus. His/her father, Wulf Trumpeldor, will serve 25 years in the Russian army. As a soldier, it was authorized to settle apart from the area known as “zone of residence” (in the West of the Russian empire) apart from which the Jews did not have normally the right to reside.
It was advanced that the family was in fact of origin Subbotnik , a whole of downward groups of Christian peasants having broken with Christianity under the reign of Catherine II of Russia, at the end of the 18th century car-to convert with the Judaïsme. Israeli Hadassah stores thus wrote into 2006 that “Joseph Trumpeldor, the héro of battle of Such Khaï, was almost certainly a Subbotnik ”.
In spite of a formation of Dentist, Joseph Trumpeldor voluntarily engaged in the Russian army in 1902. During the War Russo-Japanese woman, it took part of with dimensions of besieged in the seat of Port-Arthur, where it lost its left arm. After the fall of Port-Arthur, it will spend several months in prison camps of war, like all the Russian soldiers of the Stoessel General. After the end of the war, it was repatriated in Russia. Thereafter it accepted 4 decorations for bravery, which made of him the Jewish soldier more decorated with all Russia.
After the war Russo-Japanese woman, he will become reserve officer of the Russian army, at one time or this type of station was normally strictly interdict with the Jews. This exception testifies to the very strong impression that it had created.
It made studies of right to the University of Petersbourg Saint, then immigrated in 1912 in Palestine, which formed then part of the Ottoman Empire. He lived initially in a Kibboutz, with Degania.
First World War
When the First World War began, Trumpeldor was expelled by the Othomans towards the Egypt, or were many also expelled Jews of Palestine (those which were of Russian nationality, Russia being in war against the Othomans). There, it developed with Vladimir Jabotinsky the idea of a " Jewish Legion " who would fight with the British against the Ottoman Empire, in order to release Palestine for the benefit of the Jewish people.
In 1915, the " body of the muleteers of Sion" was formed, regarded as the first military unit only made up of Jews (except certain officers) organized since 2000 years. It was the ideological beginning of the defense forces Israeli. The body will be used in the battle as Gallipoli, or Trumpeldor will be wounded with the shoulder.
After the dissolution of the " body of the muleteers of Sion" , at the end of 1915, Trumpeldor will take part in the work of Vladimir Jabotinsky in favor of the creation of Jewish military units more important under British direction, which will be born in 1917: the Jewish Legion.
Political activism
Joseph Trumpeldor was one of the first activists of the socialist Zionism in Palestine.
It was also in the beginning an anarchist and a disciple of Kropotkine. He declared, " I am a anarchist-Communist and a Zionist . " Its program for a network trade unionist of socialist communities, presented to the Conference Zionist of Romni, in 1911, had a certain influence on the creation of the Kibboutz im.
After its return in Russia in 1918 (in full Russian revolution), Trumpeldor founded, parallel to David Ben Gourion and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi in the United States, the movement He-Halutz, organization Jewish pionnière aiming at preparing young Jews to be settled in Eretz-Israel (Aliyah).
It turned over in 1919 to Palestine, which was recently under British mandate.
Died and memory
In 1920, the movement of extreme left Hachomer Hatzaïr required of Trumpeldor to organize the defense of its colony of Such Khaï in Galileo. Trumpeldor accepted and was killed there in a battle against Palestinian Arab petty thieves (or Syrian combatants anti-French, according to the sources). Its last words would have been: “Ca does not do anything, they are good to die for its country”. After its death, Such Hai will be evacuated.After its death Trumpeldor became the symbol of the Jewish self-defense. The 11th day of the month of Adar, one celebrates his memory in Israel thus. He is regarded as a hero at the same time by the political parties Zionists of left and right-hand side. One finds with Such Khaï, since 1934, a monument with its memory, surmounted of a lion.
The youth movement of the right-hand side Zionist, the Betar, near to the Parti Revisionist (but independent of him) will be baptized in 1923 Betar, in memory with the fortress of Betar (revolt of Bar-Kokheba), but also in remembering Trumpeldor: Betar is the Hebraic acronym of " Brit Yosef Trumpledor" or " League of Joseph Trumpeldor".
The town of Kiryat Shmona (" the city of the 8") was also named in memory of Trumpeldor and the 7 men and women who were killed by defending Such Hai.
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