Joseph Paul-Boncour

Joseph Paul-Boncour , born the August 4th 1873 with Saint-Aignan (Loir-et-Cher), dead the March 28th 1972 with Paris, is a lawyer and a Politician French.

The rise (until 1916)

It makes studies of letters in Brittany, then studies of right to Paris. Initially tried by the Navy, it chooses the lawyer trade. Attracted by the ideas of the socialist Re-examined , founded by Benoit Malon, without to adhere to a party, it chooses, with some friends, to defend the strikers.

From 1899 to 1902, he is private secretary of Waldeck-Rousseau, president of the Council. In 1904, it is elected city council man of its birthplace. Two years later, he becomes principal private secretary of Rene Viviani, socialist near to Jean Jaurès, which refused to adhere to SFIO and becomes the Prime Minister for French Work. He begins his parliamentary career like deputy of Loir-et-Cher, elected at the time of a by-election in January 1909, re-elected with the general elections of 1910 and 1914. He is Minister for Labor in the Monis government, in 1911. He sticks mainly to the development of the law on the retirements and, after the fall of the government, devotes all his activity of member of Parliament to this law, refusing even a post of under-secretary of State to the Art schools, which is proposed to him in 1912 and would have rained to him. Always hesitant vis-a-vis the SFIO, he prefers to adhere to the Party republican-Socialist.

In 1914, it loses its seat of deputy, then engages in the French Army, during all the First World War.

A figure independent of French socialism (1916-1948)

In 1916, it adheres to SFIO. In 1919, he is elected appointed department of the Seine and re-elected in 1924. With the House of Commons, he is Member of the Commission of the army and that in charge of the foreign affairs. It is from now on the two questions to which it devotes the essence of its work. Partisan convinced of a policy of peace, it thinks in so far as a vigilant policy of the armaments is necessary.

In 1924, it leaves the department of the Seine, from which the federation is on the left of the SFIO, for the Tarn. He is elected appointed of this department at the time of the legislative elections held this year, and re-elected in 1928. This year, he becomes president of the commission of the foreign affairs. In dissension with the SFIO on the question of the participation in the government and on the vote of the military appropriations, it leaves this party in 1931 and returns to the Parti republican-Socialist, which melts in 1935 in the republican socialist Union.

Senator of Loir-et-Cher (1931-1940), then delegated France to the SDN and Minister for the War (1932), it is President of the Council Ministers for the December 18th 1932 with the January 28th 1933 (see Gouvernement Joseph Paul-Boncour), after the fall of the government of Edouard Herriot. He was then Foreign Minister until February 1934. For this reason, it took part with Herriot in the bringing together in the Soviet Union against the Germany Nazi: signature of a non-aggression pact in 1932, military attach3e sending with Moscow the following year. It also tries to reinforce the links with the Yugoslavia and to alleviate the relations with the Italy, to avoid an insulation of France.

Paul-Boncour is then minister of state delegated to Geneva in the cabinet of Albert Sarraut (January-June 1936). He becomes again Foreign Minister in spring 1938, but for little time, and it is this time in vain that he tries to impose a policy of firmness vis-a-vis Adolf Hitler and of realism vis-a-vis the potential allied USSR, as Russia tzarist had been it in 1914. The ambassador of Great Britain with Paris, in favor of the appeasing, seems to be one of those which obtained its departure.

He votes against the full powerss with the marshal Pétain in 1940 and becomes, thereafter, president of the association of the Eighty, the members of Parliament being opposed to Pétain and Pierre Laval. Its property of Loir-et-Cher being with horse on the line of demarcation lasting the war, it helped certain resistant which wished to pass in free zone, for example Jacques Baumel, of which it knew the father well. June 6th, 1944, tracked by the Gestapo, it joined a maquis in the Lot. In 1949, it is promoted in the order of the Légion of honor for its participation in the Résistance (it had already been decorated on a purely civil basis in 1907, as principal private secretary of Viviani, and on a purely military basis for its courageous behavior with the face, during the first world war).

It turns over to the SFIO after the Release. Member of the Consultative Assembly (1944) then the Council of the Republic (1946-1948), it takes part in the conference of San Francisco where it signed the charter of the the United Nations (1946). Then, it withdraws political life.

Ministerial career

Works

  • Reports/ratios of the individual and the professional bodies , ED. Alcan, 1900 (its thesis of Doctorate in right)
  • economic Federalism, study on the reports/ratios of the individual and the professional bodies , ED. Alcan, 1900, 2nd ED., 1901 (foreword of Waldeck-Rousseau)
  • the Civil servants' unions , ED. Cornély, 1906 (foreword of Anatole France)
  • Art and democracy , ED. P. Ollendorff, 1912
  • Retirements, reciprocity, the industrial relations policy , Bordeaux, Bookstore of Reciprocity, 1912
  • Lamennais , ED. Alcan, 1928
  • Three pleadings , ED. Attintger, 1934
  • Racism against the Nation , ED. Right to life, 1938
  • Inter-war period. Memories of the 3rd Republic , three vol., ED. Plon, 1945-1946: volume I, republican fights, 1877-1918 ; volume II, the shortly after the victory, 1919-1934 ; volume III, On the ways of the defeat, 1935-1940

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